Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sociology > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Values

A

shared ideas about what is socially desirable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Norms

A

Expectations and rules that guide behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ideal Type

A

Conceptual model from the observation of a number of specific cases and representing the essential qualities found in those cases. Developed by Max Weber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Manifest Functions

A

Anticipated or intended consequences. Main purpose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Latent Functions

A

Unintended or unrecognized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Inductive Research

A

Use observations to create a theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Deductive Research

A

Create a theory and support with observations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Experimental Group

A

Subjects exposed to the independent variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Control Group

A

Subjects not exposed to the experimental variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Macro Sociological approaches

A

Examines broader social structures and society as a whole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Micro Sociological approaches

A

Focuses on the day to day interactions of individuals and groups in specific social situations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Paradigm

A

Set of assumptions and ideas that guide research questions, methods of analysis and interpretation, and the development of theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Culture

A

assumptions, beliefs, language, desires, values, norms, and reality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Subcultures

A

groups that share many elements of mainstream culture but maintain their own distinctive customs, values, norms and lifestyles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cultural Lag

A

Time between a technological change and the acceptance of that change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Afrocentrism

A

Perspective that emphasizes the preeminence of African and African American culture in human development.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Society

A

People who live in a specific geographic territory, interact with one another, and share elements of culture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Symbols

A

Human culture is based on symbols and symbolic meanings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Propositions

A

Statement that interrelates two or more variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Material culture

A

Artifacts, art, architecture, and other tangible goods that people create and assign meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Non material culture

A

mental blueprints that serve as guidelines for group behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Definition of the Situation

A

If you define a situation as real, it is real in its consequences. W.I. Thomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Feral Children

A

Children allegedly raised by animals or in social isolation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

I-Me dialogue

A

I is the unreflected impulse to do something. Me is the view of one’s self from another point of view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Total Institution

A

place where people carry out all of their activities and which usually involves re socialization and degradation ceremonies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Nacirema

A

American culture from an outside point of view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Bourgeoisie

A

Owners of means of production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Proletariat

A

Working class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Correlation

A

two variable are related in such a way that a change in one is accompanied by a change in the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Causation

A

two variables are related
the cause precedes the effect
the relationship is not spurious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Enlightenment

A

intellectual movement in western Europe stressing reason and rationality, science and secularization, individual freedom, and progress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Conceptual definition

A

defining a concept through the use of other concepts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

operational definition

A

definition that specifies how a concept is measured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Relativist fallacy

A

standard of human rights. Ex: Female Genital Mutilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Belief that every other culture should be judged against one’s own

36
Q

Cultural relativism

A

Belief each culture should be understood on its own

37
Q

Mechanical Solidarity

A

Individuals are similar and share values

38
Q

Organic Solidarity

A

Individuals do specialized work but are interdependent

39
Q

Sociological Imagination

A

Looking beyond our own perspective and attempt to understand systems and others

40
Q

Qualitative methods

A

Themes, processes and depth

41
Q

Quantitative methods

A

Numbers and statistics. Breadth

42
Q

Taboos

A

behavior that is considered repugnant

43
Q

Mores

A

rules with great moral significance

44
Q

Laws

A

Formal rules enforced by the state

45
Q

Folkways

A

informal rules of behavior (manners)

46
Q

Sanctions

A

penalties for inappropriate behavior

47
Q

Imitative Stage

A

Mead’s developmental stage from 0-4. Responding to stimuli, conditioning

48
Q

Play Stage

A

Mead’s development stage from 4-12. single role taking abilities

49
Q

Game Stage

A

Mead’s development stage from 12-death. Ability to think about multiple roles in relation to another

50
Q

Generalized other

A

Dominant attitudes and expectations of most members of a society

51
Q

Protestant work ethic

A

Work hard so to increase the chances of going to heaven

52
Q

Eurocentrism

A

Belief that European cultures have contributed the most to human knowledge and are superior to all others

53
Q

Nature Vs. Nurture

A

Biology vs. environment

54
Q

Theory

A

set of interrelated propositions, or statements, that attempt to explain some phenomenon

55
Q

Empirical

A

experience derived from the senses

56
Q

Reliability

A

Consistent over time

57
Q

Validity

A

measuring what you intend to measure

58
Q

Socialization

A

process whereby people become social beings

59
Q

Sociobiology

A

integrates theories and research from biology and sociology to understand human behavior

60
Q

Id

A

Freud’s concept of basic needs, drives, and desires

61
Q

Ego

A

Freud’s concept of a mediator between the Id and Superego

62
Q

Superego

A

Freud’s concept of conscience that contains the Id

63
Q

Looking Glass Self

A

Cooley’s concept that we imagine how others see and judge us and we act based on our perception

64
Q

Hawthorne Effect

A

Phenomenon where subjects behavior is influenced by the fact that they are being studied

65
Q

Degradation Ceremony

A

Process in which an individual is stripped of his or her former self, publicly stigmatized, and assigned a new identity

66
Q

Dramaturgical analysis

A

Analyzes social interaction as though participants were actors in an ongoing drama

67
Q

Verstehen

A

Using empathetic understanding for analysis. Thought of by Weber. Used by Dubois.

68
Q

Triangulation

A

using multiple methods of study

69
Q

Structural Functionalism

A

Society is like an organism. Each part contributes to the whole. Durkheim

70
Q

Conflict Theory

A

Society is like a war. One group dominates means of production and oppresses the other group

71
Q

Symbolic Interactionism

A

Society is like a conversation. interaction using meaningful symbols including language

72
Q

Comte

A

Father of sociology

73
Q

Martineau

A

Translated Comte’s writing into English

74
Q

Herbert Spencer

A

“social darwinism”. the fittest in a society should survive

75
Q

Jane Addams

A

started Hull House. founder of social work

76
Q

W.E.B. Du Bois

A

Studied under Max Weber. Founder of Afro-American sociology

77
Q

Karl Marx

A

People in capitalism could not control their labor. no connection to their work/product. Proletariat/Bourgeoisie

78
Q

Emile Durkheim

A

Concerned with transition from traditional to modern society

79
Q

Max Weber

A

Though society should be value free. Focus on empirical (what is) rather than normative (what ought to be). Empathetic understanding

80
Q

Systems of Logic

A 
Experience
Cultural Tradition
Faith
Authority
Science
81
Q

Scientific Method

A 
State Problem
Review literature
hypothesis
choice of research design
collect data
analyze data
form conclusions
ask questions
82
Q

Survey

A

common in sociology. gathers info on a large scale. honesty can be a problem

83
Q

Experiments

A

prominent in psychology. hallmark for science. ethical problems

84
Q

Archival Research

A

using data gathered by someone else. cheap and available. quality of data may not be good.

85
Q

Field Studies

A

associated with anthropology. studies are deep but not broad.

86
Q

Agents of Socialization

A 
Family
Work
Peers
Religion
School
Mass Media
87
Q

Types of Societies

A 
Hunting Gathering
Horticultural
Pastoral
Agrarian
Industrial
Postindustrial

Sociology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions