Test 1 Flashcards
Types of Pacifism
Absolute, Contingent, Deontological, and Consequentialist
Absolute Pacifism
Violence is wrong in any circumstance, even in self-defence. Morals are univeral. Michael Allen Fox a prominent supporter.
Contingent Pacifism
Principled rejection of a particular war. War sometimes justified in cases like self defense. May justify capital punishment using idea of deterrence. War undermines the possibility of long term peace.
Deontological pacifism
It is morally unjustified to kill.
Consequentialist Pacifists
Don’t necessarily opposed to killing. They believe that war creates more problems than it solves because it harms better life rather than morals. They, like contingent pacifists, believe that war is sometimes necessary (like in the case of self-defense).
Another term for realism
Realpolitik
Realism is what type of prescription?
A prescription of not only what is, but what ought to be.
three word phrase describing realist thought
Might makes right
Realists see the world system as what?
Anarchic (Hobbesian) - no central authority - always pay attention to the intentions and capabilities of other states. - competition between sovereign states for power. Every country must rely on its own resources and often must resort to force for security and survival.
Social darwinism
Survival of the fittest - fits into realist perspective.
Realists think that revolutions lead to
They invariably lead to dictatorships - pessimistic view.
Classical realists
Classical realists look to human nature, which they see as fixed and selfish, to understand politics.
Neorealists
Neorealists do not believe that the quest for power is rooted in human nature, but that the nature of the international system forces us to loqok after ourselves.
Why does cooperation occur according to realists?
They believe that cooperation occurs not for altruistic reasons but because it is in the interests of states to cooperate.
Norms
Expected behavior
Most important norms according to realists
Sovereignty and Territorial integrity
Sovereignty
No higher authority than the state.
Territorial integrity
States have the right to do what they want in their borders, and should not interfere in the internal affairs of other states.
How is sovereignty recognized?
By diplomatic status at the UN. One state, one vote.
How is sovereignty increasingly being undermined?
Under the name of humanitarian intervention.
According to realists, states follow what most of the time?
Norms - the most important norms are sovereignty and territorial integrity.
Peace through strength (realism) means what?
The world is dangerous, so countries should arm themselves. However, you should not waste power to pursue goals you cannot achieve.
US realists are what?
They can be interventionists or isolationists, depending on which better advances national interests.
Michael Walzer says states want to act morally and justly for what reason?
Because they are the creations of individual persons.
