Test 1 Flashcards
(41 cards)
What are the five key inflammatory cytokines that macrophages secrete?
IL-1B, TNF-a, IL-6, CXCL8, IL-12
IL-1B type and function?
Inflammatory cytokine, dilates endothelial cells
IL-6 type and function?
Inflammatory cytokine, increase in temperature by acting on local fat and muscle cells to increase metabolism.
IL-12 type and function?
Inflammatory cytokine, recruits and activates NK cells by inducing proliferation and releasing cytokines which strengthen macrophages response to infection.
CXCL8 type and function?
Inflammatory cytokine, recruits neutrophils from the blood and guides them to infected tissue (chemoacttrant)
INF-a type and function?
Inflammatory cytokine, dilates endothelial cells
Which inflammatory cytokine has a positive feedback and is highly regulated?
IL-1b is regulated by release from ribosome where it is made and the enzyme that cleaves it to make it activated is also regulated.
The activation of a IL-1b occurs where?
Cytoplasm or specialized secretory granules
What is the 1st population of effector cells recruited to infected tissue?
neutrophils (most abundant white blood cells)
Where are neutrophils located?`
bone marrow and circulation
C3b function?
Covalently binds to surface of microbial and helps tag for easier phagocytosis
C3a function?
Acts as a chemoattractment
What are the three complement activations?
Alternative pathway of complement activation(start) - adaptive, Lectin pathway of complement activation (Mannose binding lectin) - adaptive, Classical Pathway of complement activation (C-reactive protein) - innate and adaptive
What is it? Infantry, short-lived, rapidly mobilized
Neutrophil
What is it? Defends against intestinal parasites?
eosinophil
What is it? leukocytes that circulate in the blood, bigger than granulocytes. Travel to tissues and mature into macrophages.
monocytes
What is a macrophage?
large phagocytes in the tissue, first cell to sense invasion. Secrete cytokines that recruit neutrophils.
What is a dendrite cell?
Star-shaped morphology, resident in the body tissues. Cellular messengers meant to call up adaptive immunity. Leave the tissues with a cargo of intact degraded pathogens and take to lymphatic organs.
What is a mast cell?
Resident in all connective tissues, has granules. Activation and degranulation make major contributions to inflammation.
What is a natural killer cell?
Large granular of innate immunity. Kill virus infected cells and secrete cytokines that impeded replication.
What is a complement?
Soluble proteins made in the liver and are present in the blood lymph and extracellular fluids. Coats pathogen and makes it easier to be phagocytized. Many are proteases (enzyme that breaks down proteins). Zymogen is the inactive form.
What does Properdin (Factor P) do?
Increases complement activation by preventing degradation of convertase.
What does Factor H do?
Counters factor P by facilitating further cleavage by Factor I which decreases C3 convertase molecules. We need this because we want a lot to be cleaved at one time when there is an infection.
What does Decay-accelerating factor(DAF) and Membrane cofactor protein(MCP) do?
binds to C3b which doesn’t allow it to bind to human cells.
