Test # 1 Flashcards
(40 cards)
What structure is made up of mucosa, glandular tissue, adipose, is vascular and has no function?
The uvula
What are the three parts that make up the pharynx (hint: they all have pharynx at the end of the name)?
oropharynx
nasopharynx
hypopharynx
what structure connects the middle ear with the pharynx?
Eustachian tube
what are the muscles of the VP?
- Levator Veli palatine (velar elevation)
- Superior pharyngeal constrictor (constricts pharyngeal walls to narrow vp against)
- palatopharyngeus (narrow pharynx)
- musculus uvulae (“bulges for seal on nasal surface)
- Tesnor Veli Palatini (open e-tube)
Which muscle of the VP provides velar elevation?
Levator Veli Palatini
which muscle constricts the pharyngeal walls to narrow the VP against?
Superior Pharyngeal constrictor
which muscle of the VP narrows the pharynx?
palatopharyngeus
which muscle of the VP bulges for seal on nasal surface?
musculus uvulae
which muscle of the VP is responsible for opening the Eustachian tube?
Tensor Veli Palatini
Which cranial nerves innervate the VP (motor)?
Glossopharyneal (IX)
Vagus (x)
Trigeminal (V)
Facial (VII)
Which cranial nerves provide sensory innervation to the VP?
Vagus (X)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
What are the physiological subsystems for speech?
Respiration Phonation Resonation Articulation Prosody
what is passavants ridge?
shelf-like ridge of muscle projection from the posterior pharyngeal wall into the pharynx (some people have it and some people don’t)
True or false… the VP must be completely closed before phonation begins
True
What are the closure variations of the VP?
coronal, sagittal, circular, circular w/passavants ridge
what are some factors that affect VP function?
- lack of muscle bulk (esp. levator)
- Abnormal muscle insertion
- malposition of repaired muscle (after surgery)
- scar tissue (velum) -stiff doesn’t allow velum to move like it should
- less faucial piller pressure
- short velum
- deep pharynx
Growth and age can cause changes in VP function what are some of those changes?
- facial bones continue to grow into early adulthood (can change Vp function)
- pharynx: newborn 4 cm long adults 20 cm long (5xs as long)
- nasopharynx: infancy> adulthood=+80% volume
True or fals…Vp function can deteriorate due to aging
FALSE Vp function does not deteriorate as a factor of aging!!!
What is a cleft?
an abnormal opening (fissure) in an anatomical structure that is typically closed
(failure of parts to fuse at midline)
(all structures are present but not fused or developed normally)
what are some causes of a cleft?
-embryologic under-development (cell migration delay/cell disruption) -chromosomal disorders -genetic disorders -maternal factors -environmental teratogens
what are some maternal factors that could cause a cleft?
- older age
- utero factors
- maternal malnutrition
what are some environmental teratogens that can cause cleft?
- cigarette smoke
- Dilantin
- thalidomide
- valium
- lead
- corticosteroids
what is a primary cleft palate involve?
cleft of lip and alveolus
can primary clefts be complete and incomplete
yes
