Test 1

Question 0

Where are the cell bodies of motor neurons located?

Answer 0

Brainstem and spinal cord (CNS)

Question 1

Where are the cell bodies of sensory neurons located?

Answer 1

DRG

Question 2

True or false? Preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located in the PNS?

Answer 2

False.
CNS (between T1-L2)
*side note: Postganglionic sympathetic neurons are in the PNS

Question 3

True or false? Ganglia are groups of neurons in the PNS.

Answer 3

True

*side note: nuclei are groups of neurons in the CNS. Exception: basal ganglia is part of CNS even though it’s a ganglia

Question 4

Name the three types of neurons and their functions.

Answer 4

1. Pseudounipolar- modified bipolar neurons. Transmits sensory signals to receptors in the skin, joints, and muscles
2. Bipolar- transmits signals for special senses
3. Multipolar- these are your motor neurons (most common)

Question 5

The PNS is derived from which type of cells?

Answer 5

Neural crest cells

Question 6

The DRG is made up of what type of neurons?

Answer 6

Pseudounipolar

Question 7

Which cells myelinate the PNS?

Answer 7

Schwann Cells

Question 8

What is the functional organelle for energy production?

Answer 8

Mitochondria

Question 9

Which type of neurons have multiple branches to the cell body that carry signals through the brain/spinal cord?

Answer 9

Multipolar

Question 10

Cell bodies of the PNS are made up of…

Answer 10

Pseudounipolar and Multipolar neurons

Question 11

What is the most common glial cell that causes brain tumors?

Answer 11

Atrocytes

Question 12

The umbilicus is that which dermatome level?

Answer 12

T10

Question 13

Multiple sclerosis is caused by a defect of…

Answer 13

The autoimmune system attacking Schwann cells

Question 14

Which organelle forms glycoproteins and lysosomes?

Answer 14

Golgi body (apparatus)

Question 15

The thick sheath covering a fascicle and nerve fibers is called…

Answer 15

Perineurium

Question 16

The minimum amount of neurons in a reflex is…

Answer 16

2

Question 17

Which zone of the neural tube do you find pluripotent stem cells?

Answer 17

Ventricular zone

Question 18

Satellite cells are similar to which cells of the CNS?

Answer 18

Astrocytes

Question 19

Which cells produce CSF?

Answer 19

Ependymal cells

Question 20

A strip of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve is called…

Answer 20

Dermatome

Question 21

Which type of axons is largest in diameter?
A. Type A
B. Type B
C. Type C
D. Type D

Answer 21

A. Type A

*side note: largest = fastest

Question 22

Which type of axons have the slowest conduction speed?

Answer 22

Type C

*side note: slowest = smallest

Question 23

Which type of motor neuron response to muscle stretch?
A. Alpha
B. Beta
C. Gamma
D. Fuck you

Answer 23

C. Gamma

*side note: this is the muscle spindle. The Golgi tendon responds to muscle contraction.

Question 24

``` Golgi tendon organ is an example of... A. Nociceptor B. Mechanoreceptor C. Free nerve ending D. Thermoreceptor ```

Answer 24

B. Mechanoreceptor

Question 25

``` Which of the following sense pain and temperature? A. Merkel cell B. Free nerve endings C. Meissner's corpuscle D. Ruffini's corpuscle ```

Answer 25

B. Free nerve endings

Question 26

``` Motor supply of the muscle spindle is supplied by... A. Alpha type neurons B. Beta type neurons C. Gamma type neurons D. Shit ```

Answer 26

C. Gamma type neurons

Question 27

True or false? Satellite cells cover neuronal cell bodies in the CNS.

Answer 27

False | PNS

Question 28

``` Which neuronal layer covers only one fiber? A. Epineurium B. Perineurium C. Endoneurium D. Myelin sheath ```

Answer 28

C. Endoneurium

Question 29

``` Multipolar neurons have several fibers that come off of one... A. Cell body B. Dendrites C. Motor end plate D. Axon ```

Answer 29

A. Cell body

Question 30

``` Which neuronal layer surrounds a fascicle? A. Epineurium B. Perineurium C. Endoneurium D. Myelin sheath ```

Answer 30

B. Perineurium

Question 31

``` Which are small, unmyelinated sensory fibers that pick up on pain, temperature, and touch? A. A type B. B type C. C type D. Shit balls ```

Answer 31

C. C type

Question 32

True or false? A type fibers are myelinated.

Answer 32

True | *side note: C type are unmyelinated

Question 33

``` Satellite cells are analogous to... A. Schwann cells B. Oligodendrocytes C. Astrocytes D. Ependymal cells ```

Answer 33

C. Astrocytes | *side note: analogous means similar in function but not anatomy, where homologous is visa versa.

Question 34

``` Astrocytomas account for what percentage of brain tumors? A. 3% B. 8% C. 23% D. 50% ```

Answer 34

C. 23% | *side note: ependyoma = 8%, oligodendroglioma = 3%

Question 35

``` Which level is the cauda equina located? A. L5-S2 B. L2-S5 C. L1-S5 D. L2-S2 ```

Answer 35

D. L2-S2

Question 36

``` Which fiber type responds to muscle stretch in the patellar reflex? A. Alpha B. Beta C. Gamma D. Nuieefberiaulcbaeilrurv ```

Answer 36

A. Alpha

Question 37

``` Which glial cell myelinates the CNS? A. Astrocytes B. Ependymal cells C. Oligodendrocytes D. Microglia ```

Answer 37

C. Oligodendrocytes

Question 38

True or false? Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the CNS?

Answer 38

True *side note: Guillain-Barre Syndrome is an autoimmune disease of the PNS. Both are characterized by similar symptoms (loss of reflex, muscle weakness etc...)