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Chemistry 101 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

the study of nature

broken down into two areas: Alive or not

A

Natural Science

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2
Q

the study of nonliving things

Chemistry, Physics, Astronomy, Earth Science

A

Physical Science

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3
Q

the study of living things

Zoology, Botany, Microbiology

A

Microbiology

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4
Q

this is derived from the Latin word for knowledge

A

Science

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5
Q

The study of the composition, structure, and properties of MATTER and the transformation it undergoes

A

Chemistry

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6
Q

anything which occupies space

A

matter

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7
Q

the study of matter and ENERGY and their interactions

A

Physics

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8
Q

the ability to do work

A

energy

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9
Q 
a measure of the quantity of matter (grams) 
# of atoms it contains doesn't change
A

mass

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10
Q

a measure of the attractive force (gravity) of the earth on an object (pounds)
changes

A

Weight

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11
Q

the mass and object has per unit volume

M/V =

A

Density

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12
Q

a measure of the amount of space which matter occupies (liters of milliliters)

A

Volume

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13
Q

Density formula

A

D=m/v

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14
Q

the state of matter that has both a definite shape and definite volume
does not matter what container they are placed

A

Solid

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15
Q

the state of matter which has definite volume but no definite shape
they will take shape of their container

A

Liquid

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16
Q

the state of matter which had neither definite shape or volume
they will expand/ contract to fill the container

A

Gas

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17
Q

a substance which cannot ne subdivided into smaller components by chemical means
basic materials of nature
approximately 100 occur naturally on earth

A

element

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18
Q

the smallest portion of an element which can take part in a chemical reaction

A

atom

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19
Q

a substance which is a chemical combination of two or more elements

A

compound

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20
Q

the smallest portion of a compound that retains the properties of that compound

A

molecule

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21
Q

a non-chemical combination of materials that can be separated by physical means

A

mixture

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22
Q

a change in a substance which does not alter its chemical compostion

A

Physical change

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23
Q

a change in a substance involving an alteration in its chemical compostion

A

chemical change

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24
Q

matter can neither be created or dstroyed
Antonine lavosier
fixed amount on the universe

A

matter (mass)

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25
energy cannot be created or desstroyed
energy
26
the chemistry of comunds that do not contain carbon
inorganic chemistry
27
the chemistry of carbon copunds
organic chemistry
28
they study of the physical changes associted with chemical reactions and the dependence of physical properties in chemical composition
physical chemistry
29
the study of chemistry of living matter
Biohemistry
30
the studyof the seperation and analysis of chemical substances what it is make out of
Analytical chemistry
31
used to identify the components of a substance ot mixture
Qualitative
32
used to determine the amount or proportions of the components of a substance or mixture
Quantitative
33
A way of looking at the world The universe is a rational place we are sart enough to understand the universe Observation and experimentation are the best ways to that understanding
Philosophy of Science
34
Father of philospohy Came u with matter and the idea of laws of nature prior to him nature phenomenia were blamed on the gods (matter)
Thales
35
Most famous Teacher; est. the Academy came up with the two realms of disclosure; observable, conceptual
Plato
36
material things you can see and touch
observable
37
ideas that are in your mind
conceptual
38
Platos student thogh the observable was more mportant believed in observation wrote encyclopedias
Aristotle
39
1. Gaather facts 2. Rormulate hypotheses 3. Test the competing hypothesus with more observations and experiements 4. Upgrade hypothesis ; theory or law
Scienitfic Method
40
has been tested and appears to be true
theory
41
a general truth
law
42
postively charged (+) , in nucleus , 1 amu
protons
43
negatively charged (-), outside nucleus, 0 amu
electrons
44
neutral (no charge) , in nucleus, 1 amu
neurtons
45
the subatomic particles differ in two ways:
mass and charge
46
a small center of an atom ( contains protons and neutrons)
nucleus
47
they live in shells/ orbits that surround the nucleus
Electrons
48
atoms are mostly
empty space
49
``` ____ determines the identity og the element Atomic number (at the top) ```
protons
50
the second number found on the periodic table (bottom)
Atomic mass
51
7 horizontal rows called
periods
52
18 vertial colums called
groups
53
elements in the same group are supposed to have similar chemical
properties
54
represented on the PT by a stair step line starting at B and going to Po
metalloids
55
1 st shell named _ shell ; can hold 2 electrons 2nd shell named _ shell ; can hold 8 electrons 3rd shell named _ shell ; can hold 18 electrons 4th shell named _ shell ; can hold 32 electrons
K L M N
56
What is it that akes element similar
of electrons in their last shell
57
the ___ tells you how many shells the element has
period (row)
58
the ___ tells you how many valence electrons an element has
group (column)
59
hold atoms together in molcules
chemical bonds
60
is essential when determining how bonds are made full outer shell or eight electrons there are exceptions to this rule
octet rule
61
will give away or steal electrons to foow the octet rule | occur between metals and nonmetals
Ionic bonds
62
charged atoms are called
ions
63
postive ions are called
cations
64
negative iions are called
anions
65
atoms will share electrons so that they will each be following the octet rule come of the time two nonmetals
covalent bonds
66
atoms get stronger as you go ___ and ___
right and up
67
ask yourself when looking @ molecule 1) is it covalent or ionc 2) if covalent polar or nonpolar
ask these questions
68
these covalent bonds that involve unequal sharing of electrons are called (not the same element)
polar bonds
69
covalent bonds that share close to 50-50 are (same element)
nonpolar bonds

Chemistry 101 (1 decks)

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