Test 1 Flashcards
(44 cards)
TITLE: Kunz Axe
DATE: 900-300 BCE
PERIOD: Middle Formative
CIVILIZATION: Olmec
CITY: Oaxaca
MATERIAL(S): Jade
4 IMPORTANT THINGS:
- Believed priest/shaman transformed into jaguar (half man, half jaguar = Were-jaguar)
- Used for ritual ceremony, therefore shape of handle
- self referential
- Associated with fertility = green color
TITLE: Figures
DATE: 1040 BCE
PERIOD: Early Formative
CIVILIZATION: Olmec
CITY: El Manatí
MATERIAL(S): Wood
4 IMPORTANT THINGS:
- Each have individual facial expressions
- Anaerobic conditions: no oxygen, ritually wrapped in mats called petates (reason found in such good condition). & BURIED WITH DISMEMBERED INFANT BONES (possible human sacrifice?)! also, rubber balls, celts, ALL CAREFULLY ARRANGED = SACRED INTENT
- The naturalism of the figures messes up the anticipated linear progression of how art is to progress, not go backwards
- Prescence of natural spring, Cenote, & Red pigment = blood (hematite), & at foot of hill, make the sacred location.
TITLE: San Lorenzo Colossal Head 1 (aka El Rey)
DATE: 1200-900 BCE
PERIOD: Early Formative
CIVILIZATION: Olmec
CITY: San Lorenzo (Tenochtitlán)
MATERIAL(S): Basalt
4 IMPORTANT THINGS:
- Believed to be ruler or player, due to headress/helmet (headress unknown if used for political reason)
- Total of 17 colossal heads all together
- Epicanthic folds = mystery to ethnicity
- Brought from miles away. Basalt = porous, but hard to work with. Made w/ stone tools
- Flipped and used as altars
TITLE: Hero Twins
DATE: 1100-800 BCE
PERIOD: Early Formative
CIVILIZATION: Olmec
CITY: El Azuzul
MATERIAL(S): Stone
4 IMPORTANT THINGS:
- Twins caught in the act, found in situ (positioned as is), with bar in hands raising an axis mundi or world tree
- Egyptian-like (rain - crinkled paper) headresses = crinkled paper made from rubber sap - When burned, toxins float to air and create rain.
- Example of Were-jaguar (cleft found in Serpentine mosaic)
- Sphinx-like
- Discovered by Anne Cypher Gullin
Describe the common characterisitcs
Were-jaguar (motif)
- Almond shaped eyes
- Downturned open mouth
- Cleft head
TITLE: Mosaic/Pavement
DATE: 900-400 BCE
PERIOD: Middle Formative
CIVILIZATION: Olmec
CITY: La Venta
MATERIAL(S): Serpentine
4 IMPORTANT THINGS:
- nearly 500 serpentine blocks
- 1 of 3 mosaics
- Ex. of werejaguar - face of jaguar w/ paws, indent on top
- Ritual burial - carefully placed, covered with specific kinds of dirt
TITLE: La Venta Colossal Head
DATE: 900-400 BCE
PERIOD: Middle Formative
CIVILIZATION: Olmec
CITY: La Venta
MATERIAL(S): Basalt
4 IMPORTANT THINGS:
- Carved in the round
- Found at Tuxtla Mts. over 80 km away
- Flipped over and carved down to altars
- Weigh several tons
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Teotihuacán
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