Test #1

Question 1

What are the reasons for lab tests?

Answer 1

To establish a diagnosis
To rule out a clinical problem
To monitor therapy
To establish prognosis
To screen for disease
To determine effective drug dosage & prevent toxicity

Question 2

Where is the M/C site for venipuncture?

Answer 2

Antecubital fossa

Question 3

What suffix means an increase in a particular type of cell?

Answer 3

-cytosis (Erythrocytosis, Leukocytosis, Lymphocytosis)

Question 4

What suffix means a decrease in a particular type of cell?

Answer 4

-cytopenia (Erythrocytopenia, Leukocytopenia, Lymphocytopenia)

Question 5

This is the percentage of total blood volume made up by RBC’s

Answer 5

Hemtocrit

Question 6

This is a measure of the average volume, or size of a single RBC. Used in classifying anemias

Answer 6

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

Question 7

This means abnormally small RBC

Answer 7

Microcytic (seen in iron deficiency or thalassemia)

Question 8

This means abnormally large RBC

Answer 8

Macrocytic (seen in Vit. B12 or folic acid deficiency)

Question 9

This is a measure of average amount (weight) of hemoglobin w/i a single RBC

Answer 9

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)

Question 10

This is a measure of the avg. concentration of hemoglobin w/i a single RBC

Answer 10

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

Question 11

This means a decreased MCHC; Seen in iron deficiency anemia & thalassemia

Answer 11

Hypochromic

Question 12

This meas a normal MCHC. Seen in hemolytic anemia

Answer 12

Normochromic

Question 13

This measures variation in RBC size

Answer 13

Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW)

Question 14

What is the % breakdown of a WBC differential count?

Answer 14

Neutrophils - 60%
Lymphocytes - 30%
Monocyte - 8%
Eosinophils - 2%
Basophils - 0-1%

Question 15

These are immature neutrophils. Not normally present on cell count unless there is an acute ongoing infection

Answer 15

Band or Stab cells

Question 16

These WBCs are increased in acute bacterial infections

Answer 16

Neutrophils (Neutrophilia)

Question 17

These WBCs are increased in chronic bacterial infections & acute viral infections

Answer 17

Lymphocytes (Lymphocytosis)

Question 18

These WBCs remove necrotic debris & microorganisms from the blood. Increased in chronic inflammation disorders, viral infections, & parasitic infections

Answer 18

Monocytes

Question 19

These WBCs are increased in allergic & parasitic reactions, eczema, leukemia, & autoimmune disorders

Answer 19

Eosinophils (Eosinophilia)

Question 20

These WBCs are increased in allergic reactions & parasitic infections

Answer 20

Basophils

Question 21

This test provides significant amount of info concerning drugs & diseases that affect RBCs & WBCs

Answer 21

Blood smear

Question 22

What does thrombocytemia mean?

Answer 22

Platelet count >1 million (pt at high risk for clots)

Question 23

This is a measurement of the rate at which RBCs settle in saline solution or plasma over a specificed time period. Used to monitor the progression of inflammatory autoimmune diseases

Answer 23

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

Question 24

This is a falsely decreased ESR due to distorted RBC shape

Answer 24

Spherocytosis

Question 25

Only hemolytic anemia which there is an acquired defect in cell membrane rather than hereditary

Answer 25

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

Question 26

This is a result of bone marrow inappropriately producing great numbers of RBCs

Answer 26

Polycythemia Vera

Question 27

This disease arises in a single node or chain of nodes. One of the M/C forms of malignancies in young adults (avg age 32)

Answer 27

Hodgkins Disease

Question 28

Hodgkins Disease is characterized by what type of cell?

Answer 28

RS cells

Question 29

These types of neoplasms primarily involve the bone marrow & to a lesser degree the secondary hematopoietic organs

Answer 29

Myeloid Neoplasms

Question 30

This is a group of clonal stem cell disorders characterized by maturation defects resulting in ineffective hematopoiesis & increased risk of transformation to AML

Answer 30

Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Question 31

Which clotting factors does a prothrombin time measure?

Answer 31

``` I (Fibrinogen) II (Prothrombin) V VII X ```

Question 32

What factors does a partial thromboplastin time test for?

Answer 32

``` Same as PT plus: VIII IX XI XII ```

Question 33

This test evaluates the vascular & platelet factors assoc. w/ hemostasis. Frequently performed on preoperative patients

Answer 33

Bleeding Time

Question 34

Increased/Decreased sodium levels

Answer 34

Hypernatremia/Hyponatremia

Question 35

Increased/Decreased potassium levels

Answer 35

Hyperkalemia/Hypokalemia

Question 36

This assists in evaluating pH & electrolytes but not a very useful lab test

Answer 36

CO2

Question 37

This is an indirect & rough measurement of renal function & glomerular filtration rate. Also a measurement of liver function.

Answer 37

BUN (Blood, Urea, Nitrogen)

Question 38

Used to diagnose renal function. Related to muscle mass & excreted by the kidneys

Answer 38

Creatinine

Question 39

Calcium tests evaluate calcium metabolism and what other function?

Answer 39

parathyroid function

Question 40

What are the ranges for an A1C in a prediabetic and a diabetic?

Answer 40

5.7%-6% is prediabetic | over 7% is diabetic

Question 41

This protein is formed w/i the liver, makes up approx. 60% of total protein, & maintains colloidal osmotic pressure

Answer 41

Albumin