Test #1

Question 1

Ecological Model

Answer 1

Under this model or approach to understanding health behavior, it is assumed that no single factor influences people’s behavior; instead the complex interaction between individuals and an environment is a process that taken together, influences behavior. In other words, behavior doesn’t exist in a vacuum.

Question 2

Five factors found in the Ecological Model that contribute to behavior and behavior change:

Answer 2

1. Individual Factors 2. Social/Cultural/Group Factors 3. Socioeconomic and Structural Factors 4. Political Factors 5. Environmental Factors

Question 3

5 Individual Factors

Answer 3

1. Awareness and knowledge (about health risks, ways to prevent health problems, etc.) 2. Biophysical characteristics (ex. genetics, systemic vulnerabilities) 3. Personal attitudes and motivations 4. Developmental stage (ex. adolescent, adult) 5. Behavior/habit socialization (ex. from parents/family)

Question 4

3 Social/Cultural/Group Factors

Answer 4

1. Social/peer group lifestyle patterns 2. Cultural attitudes/beliefs 3. Level of social support

Question 5

5 Socioeconomic and Structural Factors

Answer 5

1. Poverty 2. Education 3. Access to health care 4. Social stresses such as civil strife, neighborhood violence, and discrimination. 5. Access to clean water.

Question 6

3 Political Factors

Answer 6

1. Policies and funding for health promotion programs. 2. Health Insurance 3. Regulations that affect health risk.

Question 7

3 Environmental Factors

Answer 7

1. Presence of an environmental risk, such as pollution. 2. Disasters 3. Conditions for spread of infection disease.

Question 8

Wellness

Answer 8

Wellness is looking at the whole person. It is a choice, a way of life, a process, a balanced channel of energy, an integration of the body, mind and spirit, and a loving acceptance of yourself.

Question 9

The components of a SMART goal

Answer 9

S: Specific M: Measurable A: Action-Oriented R: Realistic T: Time-Based

Question 10

Purpose of a Lifestyle Assessment

Answer 10

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Question 11

Iceberg Principle

Answer 11

Our current state of health, be it one of disease or vitality, is just like the tip of the iceberg. This is the apparent part - what shows. To understand all that creates and supports your current state of health, you have to look underwater..

Question 12

Obesity and the Ecological Model

Answer 12

Because the trends in overweight and obesity are recent, most agree that interactions between people’s behavior and the environment (encouraging the overconsumption of food and discouraging physical activity) are the primary cause, rather than biological factors. Therefore, obesity is viewed as preventable.

Question 13

Violence and the Ecological Model