Test 1

Question 1

Analytical

Answer 1

Lab- ensure valid result

Question 2

Post-analytical

Answer 2

Lab- provide correct data

Provider- properly interpret data, action

Question 3

Assay

Answer 3

Testing of a metal or ore to determine its ingredients and quality

Question 4

EDTA

Answer 4

Ethylenediamineteteaacetic Acid

Pink, purple tubes

False calcium, potassium, sodium

Malaria, CBC, h and h, manual differential and sickle cell

Question 5

Green

Answer 5

Heparin
Yields plasma
Chemistry

Question 6

Grey tubes

Answer 6

Potassium Oxalate
Glucose preservative
Yields plasma (glycolytic inhibition)

Chemistry

After EDTA

Question 7

Serum levels

Answer 7

Red tubes

May have thrombin and serum separator tube polymer barrier gel

Question 8

Light blue tubes

Answer 8

Draw first

3.2% Sodium citrate- anticoagulant

Citrate plasma

Coagulation studies PPT, PT, INR, etc.

Fill ratio 1:9 ratio

Question 9

DMAIC

Answer 9

Define the problem
Measure the current state
Analyze the root causes
Improve design and implement the solution
Control measure the impact and establish control plan

Question 10

Which of the following is found in the plasma portion of blood

A. Erythrocytes
B. Leukocytes
C. Platelets
D. Potassium

Answer 10

Potassium

Question 11

Why is plasma preferred over serum for many stat

Answer 11

Patient test results can be available quicker

Question 12

Reliability

Answer 12

Consistency or reproducibility which includes chance or random errors

Question 13

Validity

Answer 13

Is it measuring what it is supposed to measure

Bias which refers to systematic errors

Question 14

Precision

Answer 14

Measure of repeatability.

Can be reliable in be reproduced time after time

Same answer based on same method. Same answers not necessarily the right answer though.

Question 15

Accuracy

Answer 15

Test value approaches the absolute value of he substance being measured

Gold standard

If we are shooting for a 100 and get a 100.

Question 16

Sensitivity

Answer 16

TP/TP+FN

True positive
False negative

Correctly identify those that have the disease. Rule out the disease

Question 17

Specificity

Answer 17

True negative/true negative+false positive

Exclude individuals who do not have the disease

More specific=less false positives

Rules in

Question 18

Gold standard 2x2 table

Answer 18

Disease present Disease absent
True positive False positive
False negative True negative

(Sensitivity) (Specificity)

Question 19

Whole blood

Answer 19

Formed elements and fluid plasma. Remain combined

Question 20

Serum

Answer 20

Blood clots within 20-30 minutes and consists of blood cells trapped in a mesh of fibrin- leaving serum

Coagulation protein absent (fibrinogen)

Question 21

Plasma

Answer 21

Blood must not clot. EDTA or Heperin added.

Leaves plasma on top.

Question 22

Prevalence

Answer 22

True and apparent

Question 23

True prevalence

Answer 23

Actual number of patients with the disease divided by the individuals in a population. TP and FN/population

Question 24

Apparent prevalence

Answer 24

True positive and false positive patients in a population divided by the number of individuals in the population. TP+FP/population

Question 25

Pre-analytical

Answer 25

Provider- orders correct test Lab- guidance on specimen collection

Question 26

HLA and pregnancy

Answer 26

Yellow top (acid citrate dextrose)

Question 27

Bright field microscope

Answer 27

Most require staining and fixing

Question 28

Provider performed microscopy

Answer 28

``` Urine sediment exams Direct wet mounts Potassium hydroxide prep Pinworm exam Fern test Postcoital direct qualitative exam of vaginal or cervical mucus Nasal smears for granulocytes Fecal leukocyte examinations Qualitative semen analysis ```

Question 29

Urine sediment

Answer 29

``` Hematuria Pyuria Casts Crystals Microorganisms ```