Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHIL 250 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

ontology

A

study of what exisits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

eg of ontology

A

is god real? do miracles come true?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

epistemology

A

study of knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

eg of epistemology

A

what types of knowledge are there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ethics

A

study of evaluation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what’s the difference between ontologic and epistemologic

A

ont- questions about something existing

epist- questions of knowledge and knowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

difference between ontologic/epistemologic and ethics

A

ont/epi are both questions

ethics is evaluation of something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is a statement

A

sentences that’s true or false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

whats an argument

A

set of statements that support eachother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a conclusion

A

the statement being supported

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a premise

A

a supporting statement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

morality

A

set of moral statements/judgements/principals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ethics

A

study of how moral issues affect practical issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what distinguishes moral judgement from other statements

A

unclear, as some things are obviously more moral, based on statement. Normally evaluative, distinguish right and wrong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

morals

A

distinction between right and wrong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what distinguishes moral judgement from ontic/epi judgements

A

ontic/epi judge knowledge and existence, morality judges right and wrong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what do philosphers do when they study ehtics

A

find reasons behind judgement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what moral agents do philosphers use when they make moral judgements

A

whatever works, they dont need reasoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

4 levels of ethics

A

ethical theory
moral principals/ideals
codes of ethics/policy
moral judgements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

eg of ethical theory

A

philosopher level study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

eg of moral principals/ideals

A

values and ideals eg benefecience, autonomy eg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

eg codes of ethics

A

rule formulation, law making

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

eg moral judgements

A

our level of judgement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how do the 4 levels of ethics relate to eachother

A

build off of eachother so they are normalized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are the 3 levels of moral judgement

A

expressive
pre reflective
reflective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

eg of expressive level of moral judgment

A

unanalyzed feelings with no justification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

eg of pre reflective level of moral judgement

A

judgement formulated using conventional/accepted values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

eg of reflective level of moral judgement

A

based on principals and rules we use ourselves, have reasoning and defense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what level of moral judgement do WE use and why

A

reflective level so we can offer reason and moral defense to our actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

why are codes of ethics not enough to settle work palce issues

A

codes of ethics are guidelines. they are derived from cosmopolitan consideration and may only apply to certain scenarios

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what level of moral judgement are codes of ethics based on

A

pre reflective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

difference between theories about morality and genuine ethical theories

A

moral theories describes peoples ACTUAL behaviour, ethical theories are theories of moral right and wrong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

egoism

A

motives for behaviour are personal interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

how does egoism regard moral concepts

A

it doesnt, you do something if it benefits you and thats it

35
Q

what objections can be formulated against egoism

A

its hard to find the motive behind acts - you cant explain self sacrificing acts

36
Q

do objections against egoism succeed?

A

yes

37
Q

how does realativism regard moral concept

A

that morality is only relative to a certain culture or group, ideals only have validity for this group

38
Q

objections to realativism

A

realtivism is conditional and morality is not

realativism takes away person to person criticism

39
Q

do the objections do realativism succeed? why

A

yes, because if something is wrong for me it should be wrong for you

40
Q

main idea of utilitarianism

A

maximize the good conseq and dec bad conseq

41
Q

consequentialism

A

right and wrong only depends on consequence

42
Q

relationship of consequentialism and utlitarianism

A

UT is a type of conseq.

43
Q

what classic theory is assoc w/ UT

A

the great happiness principal

44
Q

what is the great happiness principal

A

good actions promote happiness, bad actions dont

45
Q

why is it important for UT to have a theory of good and bad

A

because UT is all about maximizing good - so we have to know what is morally good

46
Q

how do you apply to UT moral issues

A

maximize the good

47
Q

obj to UT

A

difficult to accuratley predict happiness/conseq of an act

how is happiness measures, if at all?

48
Q

do obj to UT succeed? why?

A

YES. we need to asses individual acts instead of rules for how they affect overall happiness

49
Q

what is strong non conseq

A

conseq are irrelevant to right/wrong of an action

50
Q

deontology

A

study of ethics that approaches the rightness and wrongness of ACTION (applied universally)
study of nature, duty, obligation

51
Q

how are strong non conseq and deontology related

A

deontology is a strong non conseq view

52
Q

strong non conseq relationship to conseq.

A

strong non - right and wrong is action based

conseq- right and wrong is consequence based

53
Q

what is the categorial imperative

A

related to deontology. unconditional moral obligation which is binding in all circumstances
THEE binding moral obligation

54
Q

what technial terms are assoc w/ the CI

A

categorical
imperative
maxim
universal law

55
Q

categorical

A

absolute

56
Q

imperative

A

command you have to follow

57
Q

maxim

A

technical term for a moral rule

58
Q

universal law

A

rule that applies to all

59
Q

what kind of moral rule is the CI

A

supreme principal of morality

60
Q

what is the second formulation of the CI

A

to never treat somebody as means only, treat somebody as another ends

61
Q

mere means

A

treating somebody a way to get something out of them

62
Q

means

A

action

63
Q

to no end/means to an end

A

purpose of achieving something else (using somebody)

64
Q

similarties of deontology to common sense

A

but what if everybody acted that way?

universalizability is a good idea in ordinary discourse

65
Q

differences of deontology and common sense

A

common sense isnt applied universally
if something is right, it has to be right everywhere and applies to everyone
right and wrong is absolute

66
Q

how does deontology apply to moral issues

A

we do the right action becuase its morally correct

67
Q

acting from duty

A

doing something because you have to, even though you might not want to

68
Q

acting in accordance of duty

A

doing something becuase youre inclined/pleased to

69
Q

how does deontology and acting in duty work

A

deontology reflects that moral duty is exceptionless,

and that we do what’s right because its right, not based on our feelings

70
Q

obj to deontology

A

duty vs self interest (in nursing its duty vs duty)
binding regardless of consequence
small children and animals are significant but not rationally moral

71
Q

virtue theory

A

how one ought to live not how to act

72
Q

questions virtue theory asks

A

what is the good life

73
Q

how does virtue theory distinguish characteristics

A

good characteristics or traits -> good life

74
Q

weak consequentialism

A

right and wrong depends on, but not soley based on, consequence

75
Q

what is a virtue

A

mean between excess and defecit, a good character trait

76
Q

what is a vice

A

an extreme habit that can spoil the chances of personal happiness

77
Q

how are virtue and vice related

A

virtue is the average of two vices

78
Q

relationship between virtue and action

A

virtue is a dispostion to act, not an actual action

79
Q

how is virtue to be acquired according to aristotle

A

you do things for the right person, amount, time, way leading to praiseworthy. good habits come when hanging out with virtuous people

80
Q

can you become virtuous by accidnet

A

no, virtue is a reflective journey

81
Q

how is virtue different from other crafts

A

you need to practice and build habits, as its based on person not act

82
Q

how does virtue apply to nursing

A

you cant apply it because virtue is about yourself, morality is about acts

83
Q

how is virtue the same as other crafts

A

its an ET based on distinguishing good and bad

84
Q

obj to virtue theory

A

it doesnt tell you how to become virtuous
human nature determines what the good life is and what good and bad is
virtues change over time

PHIL 250 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions