Test 1 Flashcards
(79 cards)
1
Q
Caro Largo
A
Tourists
2
Q
Cayo Coco
A
Tourists
3
Q
Harbors:
A
Havana, Santiago, Cienfuegos, Guantanamo, Mariel
4
Q
Where’s El Morro?
A
Havana
5
Q
Tallest mountain
A
Pico Tourquino
6
Q
Sierra Maestra
A
Mountains where Fidel hid
7
Q
Economic value in mountains?
A
Mining: manganese, iron, nickel, copper
8
Q
Viñales
A
Unique mountains, almost plateaus, tourism bc of geography. Better life for people who live here
9
Q
Sierra de Organos
A
Mogotes… Palenques
10
Q
Closest neighbor?
A
Haiti
11
Q
Arawak groups?
A
Ciboney, Taíno, Caribs
12
Q
First group to occupy Cuba? Social structure? Diet?
A
Guanahatabey, egalitarian, mollusks & fruits, etc.
13
Q
Second group to occupy Cuba? Social structure?
A
Ciboney, semi-sedentary
14
Q
Most sophisticated pre Colombian group to occupy Cuba? Social Structure
A
Taíno, have some class system: chief, nobles, priests, hunters/warriors maybe?
15
Q
- What killed more than 50% of the Indian groups?
2. What killed less than half?
A
- War, suicide, enslavement
2. Disease
16
Q
Taíno: Who became heir of the Chief?
A
Sister’s oldest son
17
Q
Montones
A
Taíno, little mounds with spaces in between which allows water to auto irrigate, aeration for soil
18
Q
Shamans?
A
Religious healing… Trances, dreams, vomiting
19
Q
Cohoba? Cohiba?
A
Hallucinatory drug in seeds which are crushed and snorted, cohiba is that mixed with tobacco
20
Q
Zemis
A
Objects with spirits inside of them
21
Q
Shows social status in Taíno through?
A
Belts
22
Q
Game played?
A
Batu
23
Q
Cuba’s first national hero?
Where is he from?
A
Hatuey, Hispaniola
24
Q
Anacoana
A
Woman version of Hatuey
25
Another Indian rebel?
Guamá
26
1st capital
2nd capital
3rd capital
Baracoa
Santiago
Havana
27
Parallels between Cuba and LATAM
Encomiendas, forced labor, destruction of Indian population, corrupt bureaucracy, Catholic Church, little economic development (at first)
28
First three biggest products of Cuba
Cattle
Tobacco
Sugar
29
Difference between pirates and privateers?
Pirates: plunder
Privateers: plunder and attack
30
Examples of Pirates (3)
Captain Morgan, Sir Francis Drake, Piet Heyn
31
Island of Youth formerly called?
Island of Pines
32
British siege of Havana when? What fort?
1762, El Morro
33
Strategy of El Morro against British
Passive defensive, wait out in castle. Hope that British will fail either by hurricane, fever, etc
34
British siege is good for:
British, and some Cubans: plantation owners, and average joe
| Bad for: Spanish and slaves, military
35
Island of Youth
Military base, city, baseball team, Fidel Castro here in prison
36
When does Cuba and US relations start?
Siege of Havana
37
Francisco Arango y Parreño
Argued to Spanish crown for limitless slaves
38
Name 2 ethnic groups that aided the making of Cuban railroads
Irish, Chinese
39
Problem on the land with slavery?
Deforestation
40
Cuba in 18th century leads to...? Bourbon reforms and crown's actions leads to
Golden century... Increased economic activity, increased population, agricultural production up
41
Alternatives to Independence
Reform under Spanish rule
Autonomy under Spanish rule
Joining up with someone else (US)
42
6 Reasons why Cuba stayed with Spain for so long
1. Golden century
2. No clear Cuban identity
3. It is an island
4. Loyalists in Cuba, including from outside of Cuba
5. Not another Haiti
6. Cuban privileges: can trade with 13 colonies in 1776, can bring as many slaves they want, can trade with any state they want (1818)
43
Presidents who tried to obtain Cuba?
Polk, Pierce, several others
44
Region that's pro-Cuban annexation?
| Cuban people who favor this?
South
| Slave owners, protect slavery
45
Narciso López, event?
Two failed attempts to take Cuba with mercenaries
Seizure of Cardenas May 19,1850
Cuban flag flown for first time
46
Who made the first Cuban flag? (3)
Idea from Narciso Lopez, Miguel Teurbe Tolón, y Emelia Tolón
47
Black Warrior Affair
U.S. ship on its way to NYC was held for lying in its manifest, what was on the ship. This combined with growing interest with Cuba and tensions with Spain...
48
Ostend Manifesto
Secret agreement (almost) to buy Cuba from Spain. If Spain refused, justification for war: help preserve Union, keep US from fighting itself
49
No Ostend Manifesto or U.S. annexation of Cuba but there is no denying that there is...
Growing relationship between U.S. and Cuba...
| "Baseball replaces bullfighting"
50
William Walker is similar to...
Narciso Lopez
51
Fr Felix Varela
Abolitionist, priest, pro independence, publishes newspapers. Stops publishing in fear of young being killed
52
Jose Antonio Saco
Creole sociologist, afraid of another Haiti. Before he supported Cuban annexation but then worried that U.S. wouldn't keep Cuba's best interests
53
Two First Politcal Parties for Independence Wars
Partido Reformista (Saco)
Partido Incondicional Español
54
Junta de Información, Result?
Group of men from Cuba who go to Madrid to tell them their problems with Spain
Raised taxes, new more strict captain general, no public meetings allowed
55
Reasons for independence?
Representation in Parliament, equal access to jobs, be treated like Spaniards... Often subject to searches and seizures, confiscation of property, gradual abolition
56
When does independence war starts? Nickname?
October 10, 1868 "Grito de Yara"
57
Carlos Manuel de Céspedes position on slavery? backround? position in Cuban Revolution?
Abolitionist but contradiction... Pro independence, son of a wealthy plantation owner
President of Republic of Cuba in Arms: disposed due to internal conflicts, couldn't leave Cuba, killed
58
Máximo Gomez
Occupation? From where? Who did he first fight for and where? Then fights for? Abolitionist? Strategy for invasion (1 fulfilled the other not)? Offered what office?
General
From Dominican Republic, fought for the Spanish in the Dominican Annexation War (1861-1865)
Becomes commander of Cuba's rebel army
Abolitionist
Guerrilla warfare, wanted to invade Cuba from the West
Offered to be president, didn't want it bc Dominican
59
Antonio Maceo
| Occupation? Background? Worked with who? His mom?
General, Afro Cuban, second in command to Gomez
| Mariana Grajales= mom
60
Shot 27 times
Maceo
61
Makes elite Cubans nervous because he's mulatto (another Haiti)
Maceo
62
Mariana Grajales
Served on front lines, supplied troops, ran hospitals, died in 1893 in Jamaica
"Mother of Cuba"
63
Another nickname for those who fought for independence?
Mambises
64
Reasons that Mambises lose?
1. U.S. doesn't sell weapons to Cuba
2. Lack of organization, resources, arms
3. Whites had most of the money, and those with most interest were Afro-Cubans
4. Fear of "internal-racial-sabotage"
5. Over 100,000 Cubans died
65
Pact of Zanjon
Makes any conscripted slave free, whether Cuban or Spanish
| Slavery not completely abolished
66
Two people who didn't sign Pact of Zanjon?
Maceo bc "nope", Calixto Garcia bc of attempted suicide when military came up to him
67
```
Small War (Guerra Chiquita)
year? Led by? Planned where? Why did it fail? Results, things gained and what changed?
```
1879-1880
Led by Maceo and Calixto
Planned in New York mostly by Calixto
Maceo moved to Jamaica bc of talks of another Haiti again
Cubans tired, little support from populace, leaders captured almost immediately
Little/nothing gained but switch from independence to autonomy
68
Who fought in all 3 wars and planned La Guerra Chiquita?
Calixto Garcia
69
Jose Martí
| Cause of death?
Killed in battle almost instantly
70
Grandfather of Cuban independence?
Varela
71
Father of Cuban Independence
Martí
72
By when did Martí start working with Gomez and Maceo to renew military conflict?
1887
73
Newspaper of Martí?
La Patria Libre
74
Plans for Martí?
```
Independence
Fast war
Land reform
No U.S. involvement
Government must be just
Social classes closely integrated
```
75
Party Martí created?
Partido Revolucionario Cubano (1892)
76
"Butcher" Weyler
```
Concentration camps (at least 200,000 died)
Burn farms and crops
Mass exiles
Public executions
Watched American Civil War
```
77
4 Reasons U.S. Got Involved in Cuban War for Independence
1. Protect economic interest on the island
2. Imperialistic ambitions
3. Yellow Journalism
4. "Remember the Maine!"- 260 sailors died
78
Maine Monument in Cuba
Symbol for all those who died on American side, used to have eagle. Place of pilgrimage and prayer for American tourists
79
Platt Amendment (8)
1. No treaties with other countries
2. No taking on public debt
3. U.S. can intervene on Cuban affairs
4. All U.S. acts during occupancy are valid
5. Cuban sanitation has to be improved
6. Isles of Pines lies outside of Cuban borders
7. Cuba must lease coaling/naval stations to U.S.
8. Cuba enters a permanent treaty with U.S.
In the Cuban constitution
