test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

“All the forces of darkness need to succeed … is for the people to do nothing.”

A

Edmund Burke

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2
Q

“Do not despise compromise, for it is the cement that keeps this country together.

A

Henry Clay

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3
Q

“In questions of power, then let no more be heard of confidence in man, but bind him from mischief by the chains of the Constitution.”

A

Thomas Jefferson

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4
Q

“Government is too important to be a spectator sport.”

A

barbara jordan

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5
Q

“Taxes are what we pay for civilized society.”

A

Oliver Wendell Holmes

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6
Q

and so, my fellow Americans, ask NOT what your country can do for you; ask what YOU can do for your country.

A

john kennedy

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7
Q

“It is better to remain silent and be thought a fool than to open one’s mouth and remove all doubt.”

A

abe lincoln

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8
Q

“if the people are to be our governors, they must arm themselves with knowledge.”

A

james madison

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9
Q

“A popular government, without popular information, or the means of acquiring it, is but a prologue to a farce or a tragedy… a people who mean to be their own governors must arm themselves with the power which knowledge gives,”

A

james madison

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10
Q

“A man who has nothing for which he willing to fight; nothing he cares about more than his own personal safety, is a miserable creature who has no chance of being free, unless made and kept so by the exertions of better men than himself.”

A

john stuart mill

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11
Q

Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.”

A

george santayana

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12
Q

It is not the critic who counts: not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles or where the doer of deeds could have done better. The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood, who strives valiantly, who errs and comes up short again and again, because there is no effort without error or shortcoming, but who knows the great enthusiasms, the great devotions, who spends himself for a worthy cause

A

teddy roosevelt

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13
Q

Alexis de Tocqueville’s wrote

A

democracy in america

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14
Q

Thomas Jefferson’s

A

declaration of independence

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15
Q

three papers with several authors

A

The bill of rights the constitution and the federalist papers

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16
Q

lincolns two important papers

A

gettysburg and 2nd inaugural address

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17
Q

belief in a minimal role for government and maximum individual rights and protection of property rights; government that governs least governs best

A

classical liberalism

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18
Q

belief in big enough government to solve people problems relating to justice and social issues and to blunt defects in capitalism. They want government to solve social problems caused by industrialization

A

modern liberalism

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19
Q

gradual social, political, and economic reform

A

progressive liberalism

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20
Q

seek creation of wealth, not redistribution, and they are for reform of entitlement programs, and they are for free trade strong national defense

A

neoliberals

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21
Q

more citizen voter involvement in decision making, and they wanted economic reforms that would strengthen government.

A

populism

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22
Q

belief in a minimal role for government; they distrust government and believe private efforts are more likely to improve society. They do not wish government to be very powerful or be very active, they wish low taxes to control government and its programs, and they are opposed to most restrictions on corporations and management.

A

traditional conservatism

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23
Q

place less emphasis on economics and capitalism and more on morals. They want to regulate individual behavior. Stop pornography, illegal drugs, abortion, homosexuals, affirmative action, school busing, job quotas, public secular schools in favor of public funded religious schools. They wish to censor all media content. They are vehemently opposed to any contraception in any form.

A

social conservatism

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24
Q

is skeptical of government’s ability to solve social and economic problems. It believes in strong defense and aggressive foreign policy, and is opposed to racial affirmative action. It focuses on creating wealth and is opposed to redistribution of wealth through welfare programs.

A

neo conservatism

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25
it has some elements of anarchism and it wishes little to no government and opposes moral crime laws are opposed to welfare social safety net programs such as unemployment benefits, health, and retirement protections.
libertarianism
26
varies in thought, but is generally defined as the political philosophy which holds the state is undesirable, unnecessary, and harmful. It opposes authority and hierarchical organization in the conduct of human relations, and advocate stateless societies based on non-hierarchical voluntary associations.
anarchism
27
belief there is no limit to leaders power
authoritarianism
28
(belief that leaders should assert complete dominance over all individuals and institutions - even religions and the press
totalitarianism
29
an economic system where most property and businesses are privately owned and people work where ever they want and for whoever they want - your choice.
capitalism
30
Purpose of U.s constitution
``` To authorize government To outline structure of government To define & limit powers. To establish legal contract & identify rights of the people. To outline political affairs ```
31
liberty is
a basic value
32
madison wanted a government that would
protect and maximize iberty
33
Governments role should be to
referee natural conflicts that develop among “factions” in society.
34
authors imbedded principles in the constitution to
blunt wishes of majority
35
Constitutions principles
republic form of government seperation of powers checks and balances federalism
36
constitution is the
inditement to our oppressors
37
seperation of powers is a
horizontal distribution of power
38
federalism
verticle distribution of power among states
39
U.s constituion article IV section 1 and 2
states required to give full faith and credit to the law citizens rights are the same in all states extradition mandated
40
what battle was before yorktown
cowpens
41
Who were the people in the preamble
rich white land owners
42
Article Iv section 3
only congress can admit new states | Congress it the state legislature for all protectorate territories
43
protectorate territories
they are citizens like you and i but they cant vote
44
requirements for a republic form of government | artivle IV section 4
cannot be monarchy often based on a constitution representative democracy
45
to propose amendments to the constitution
2/3 vota in the house 291 of 435 and 2/3 in senate 67 of 100 | or when 33 out of 50 state legislatures form a conventions for the purpose of proposing amendments
46
who ratified amendment proposals
approval by 3/4 of state legislatues. approval by 3/4 (38) of state conventions.
47
11,000 attempts to propose and ratify how many succeed
27
48
article VI section 1
debts before the constitution are valid after
49
article VI section 2
supremacy clause U.S constitution is supreme over everythig
50
article vii
established method to ratify the original 7 articles 9 of the 13 states were required to ratify by conventions
51
New hampshire ratified when abd officially signed when
ratified 6/21/1788 | signed 9/17/88
52
when did our government begin to work
1st session of congress in april 1789 | washing inaugurated april 1789 begins us
53
the 1st 10 amendments were made to
protect us from abuse of federal government power.
54
1st amendment rights are
higher then any others in constitution
55
1st amendment rights are 2
not absolute, but majestic generalities.
56
The 14th Amendment ratified 1868 provided
“... nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.”
57
gitlow vs neywork
Gitlow, a socialist, was arrested for distributing copies of a “manifesto" that called for socialism through strikes and class action of any form.
58
congress shall make no law
respecting an establishment of religion, | or prohibiting the free exercise thereof;…”
59
snake religion how many believers
73
60
america was created by
religous tyrannny
61
thomas jeffers onwrote
there should be a wall of seperation between church and state
62
establishment clause
guarantees that the government will not create and/or support an official state religion
63
The Court prohibits organized Bible reading and prayer in public schools because why?
pressure to conform youth are impressionable
64
engle v vitale
Brought by parents of public school students in New York who complained the prayer to "Almighty God" contradicted their religious beliefs
65
engle v vitale plantiffs aruged what and what did the court decide
argued that it violated establishment clause of constitution
66
abington isd cases
Cases dealt with state-approved reading of Bible passages before classes in public schools.
67
Who were the Schempps & what was their legal problem?
religious family because the state said at leaset 10 verse of the bible must be red a day
68
Who were the Murrays & what was their legal problem?
athiest and the teacher berated them
69
marsh v chambers 193
Open gov’t meetings w/prayer ok since it is only a “tolerable acknowledgement of beliefs.”
70
lemon v kurtzman
the Court ruled that New York state could not use state funds to pay parochial school teachers’ salaries.
71
To be Constitutional the challenged religious practice must meet the following test:
must have a secular purpose can neither nor advance or inhibit religion cant foster excessive government entanglement with religion
72
see you at the pole
Student participation before - or after – government school events is permissable
73
free exercise clause
Congress shall make no law.....prohibiting the free exercise thereof (religion
74
free exercise clause designed to
prevent the government from interfering with the practice of religion
75
rules of free exercise clause
This freedom is not absolute. | Some religious practices have been ruled illegal