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Rst 322 Test 1 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

Correct physiological symbol for Pressure, Volume, Flow, Blood flow, and Per time

A

???

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2
Q

Explain how the chest wall increases in 3 dimensions

A

Anterior-Posterior, transverse, and vertical dimensions all increase simultaneously

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3
Q

What muscles contract during inspiration

A

Ventilatory muscles

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4
Q

Name the major muscle of inspiration

A

Diaphragm and External intercostals

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5
Q

Used during forceful expiration

A

Internal intercostals

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6
Q

Divisions of the pharynx

A

Behind nasal oral cavity: extends down the larynx

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7
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Bahind nasal cavity down to the soft palate

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8
Q

Oropharynx

A

Behind oral cavity from soft palate to the base of the tongue

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9
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Below base of tongue and above larynx

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10
Q

What is the conducting airways

A

???Trachea to just before the alveolar level

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11
Q

Describe the respiratory mucosa epithelium

A

Pseudostratified, ciliated columnar epithelium interspersed with goblet cells.

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12
Q

Functions of the upper airway

A

Warms, humidifies, and filters. Consist of nose, oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx

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13
Q

Function of the diaphragm

A

Major muscle of ventilation, divides thoracic and abdominal cavities.

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14
Q

What does the phrenic nerve do?

A

Supplies motor innervation to hemidiaphragms. Originates from right and left cervical nerve plexuses as branches of cervial spinal nerves C3 to C5

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15
Q

What are the structures of the nose that increase surface area?

A

Concha also known as turbinates

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16
Q

Name major Unpaired cartilages of larynx

A

Epiglottic cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage

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17
Q

Name the major Paired cartilages of larynx

A

Arytenoid
Coniculate
Cuneiform

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18
Q

What is Transpulmonary pressure (PL)

A

Difference between alveolar (PA) and intrapleural pressure (PPL). Distending pressure across alveolar walls. Equal to elastic recoil force of lungs when there is no airflow.

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19
Q

What is Transthoracic pressure(PW)

A

Difference between Intrapulmonary pressure (PPL) and body surface pressure(PBS). Pressure difference across thoracic wall. Equal to outward recoil force of thorax when there is no airflow

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20
Q

What is Transrespiratory Pressure

A

Sum of transpulmonary(PL) and transthoracic pressure (PW). Inward and outward recoil forces of the lungs and thorax are in equillibrium with each other. Is 0mm Hg under resting conditions

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21
Q

Normal value for lung compliance

A

0.2L/ cm H2O

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22
Q

Normal value for chest wall compliance

A

0.2 L/ cm H2O

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23
Q

Normal value for total compliance

A

0.1 L/ cm H2O

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24
Q

What is pulmonary surfactant and where is it made.

A

Special surface-tension altering substance that lines the alveoli. It is secreted by alveolar type 2 cells

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25
Name 2 characteristics of surfactant composition
1. Complex substance composed of 90% phospholipid and 10% protein 2. Diplamitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) compromises 50% of surfactants phospholipid content and is primarily responsible for surfactants surface tension lowering properties
26
What is airway resistance
Produced by frictional resistance to gas flow
27
What are the correct units for airway resistance?
cm H2O/L/sec
28
How does airway resistance change in inspiration and expiration and why?
When flow decreases, airway resistance increases; when flow increases, airway resistance decreases . This is because flow is directly related to airway radius.
29
What is the typical substances that will cause airway constriction
????
30
Normal value of airway resistance in normal adults
0.5-1.5 cm H2O/L/sec. This is measured at the FRC level at constant flow rate of 0.5L/sec
31
Identify a fixed upper airway obstruction
Produces curve that appears box shaped. Both inspiratory and expiratory flows are decreased and limited by the solid obstruction
32
Identify a variable intrathoracity upper airway obstruction
Limits inspiratory flow and the Fef50%/FIF50% ratio is greater than 1.0. Produces a flow loop with a high expiratory and a low inspiratory.
33
Identify a variable extrathoracic upper airway obstruction
Limits expiratory flow, and the FEF50%/ FIF50% ratio is less than 1.0. Produces a flow loop with a large inspiratory and a low expiratory.
34
What happens to a chest wall/ lung pleura and barometric pressure when a hole is present in the chest wall
The subatmospheric pressure within the cavity draws air in from atomosphere because of pressure gradient leads to pneumothorax
35
Name the functions of surfactant in the lungs
1. Decreases surface tension in alveoli | 2. Prevents alveolar collapse
36
Surfactant vs. Water
Surfactant has a lower surface tension than water
37
What chanves can be expected to be seen with obstructive lung diseases-emphysema
- Decreased FVC - Normal FEV1 - Normal or increased FEV1/FVC ratio
38
What changes can be seen with restrictive lung diseases
- Decreased FVC - Decreased FEV1 - Normal or increased FEV1/FVC ratio
39
What is minute ventilation
Volume of air either entering or leaving the lung each minute; air inhaled must be equal to air exhaled each minute. Calcute by RR*VT
40
How is anitomical deadspace measured
Fowler technique, patient first exhales maxiamally to residual volume (RV) then takes maximal inhalation of 100% O2 to total lung capacity, then exhales to RV again.
41
What is anitomical dead space?
Conducting airways from mouth to nose down to and including terminal bronchioles; no gas exchange occurs here
42
What is alveolar dead space
Volume contained in nonperfused alveoli (with no blood flow)
43
Physilogical dead space
Sum of anitomical dead space and alveolar dead space
44
Hyperventilation
Alveolar ventilation momentarily removes more CO2 per minute than is metabolically produced, alvolar and blood PCO2 decreases
45
Hypoventilation
Alveolar ventilation momentarily removes less CO2 than the body produces, alveolar and blood PCO2 increases
46
Hyperpnea
Above normal depth of breathing
47
Hypopnea
Below normal depth of breathing
48
Tachypnea
Above normal rate of breathing
49
Bradypnea
Below normal rate of breathing
50
What is the normal value of an average alveolus of lungs
Alveolar PCO2--40mm HG | Alveolar PO2--100 mm HG
51
Patient sitting in normal upright position--end expiratory respiratory level. What is the difference in alveoli during/ after inhalation? Where will most of the air go?
????
52
How does a patient breathe with restrictive lung disease?
Rapid and shallow
53
How does a patient with an obstructive lung disease breathe?
Slow and deep
54
How to calculate physiologic dead space
Physiologic DeadSpace (VD)=Alveolar deadspace(VDA) + Sum of anatomical dead space (VDanat)
55
How to calculate dead space tidal volume
(VD/VT) Ratio= PaCO2????
56
Ideal body weight
``` Female= 105+(5* #in above 5ft) Male= 106+(6* #in above 5ft) ```
57
What lung volume is measured in the body box?
Residual volume
58
What is the rule of thumb for estimating anatomical deadspace?
1ml for every pound of ideal body weight
59
What is pressure (mm Hg) of water vapor at normal body temp?
47mm Hg
60
What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli?
149 mm Hg
61
What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere
159 mm Hg
62
What are the Pores of Kohn and Canals of Lambert
Collateral air passages that make it possibel for the acinus supplied by mucus plugged bronchiole to receive ventilation from neighboring airways and alveoli.
63
What are the functions of Pores of Kohn and Canals of Lambert
Canals of Lambert-- Connects terminal bronchioles and nearby alveoli Pores of Kohn--Connect adjacent alveoli together
64
What is the narrowest part of airway in ADULT
Glottis
65
What is the narrowest part of airway in an Infant
Cricoid carilage
66
What is ventilation
Process of moving gas in and out of the lungs
67
What is respiration
Process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide between air in lungs and the blood
68
What is Laplaces Law
``` If collapsing force of surface tension is opposed by an equal counterpressure, alveolus remains distended. Distending pressure(P)= 2* surface tension(t)/ Alveolar radius (R) ```
69
Poiseuilles Law
????

Rst 322 Test 1 (1 decks)

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