Test 1

Question 1

The collection of public institutions in a nation that establish and enforce the rules by which the members of that nation must live

Answer 1

Government

Question 2

A voluntary agreement among members of a society to cooperate for social benefits

Answer 2

Social contract

Question 3

The ability of public institutions and the officials within them to make laws, independent of the power to execute them

Answer 3

Authority

Question 4

The ability to get individuals to do something that they may not otherwise do

Ex: pay taxes, stop at red lights

Answer 4

Power

Question 5

The extent to which the people afford the government the authority and right to exercise power

Answer 5

Legitimacy

Question 6

A form of government where free, open, and regular elections are held to allow voters to choose who will govern on their behalf

Answer 6

Representative/indirect democracy

Question 7

A system of government in which all citizens participate in making policy, rules, and governing decisions

Answer 7

Direct democracy

Question 8

The idea that the ultimate source of power in the nation is held by the people

Answer 8

Popular sovereignty

Question 9

The title of a resolution passed by the U.S. House of Representatives as an entry into a patriotic contest

Answer 9

American Creed

Question 10

John Locke

Answer 10

Believed in natural rights and social contract based upon individual consent

Question 11

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 11

Believed that government was to manage naturally occurring conflicts. Humans by nature are selfish

Question 12

Plato

Answer 12

A philosopher that believed that having a king was the idea form of government

Question 13

How was the power distributed under the Articles of Confederation?

Answer 13

Every state had one congressional vote, regardless of population

Question 14

Why did the Articles of Confederation need to be revised?

Answer 14

There was a need for stronger federal government

Question 15

Virgina plan

Answer 15

“Large states plan” empowered 3 separate branches of government

Question 16

New Jersey plan

Answer 16

“Small states plan” states have equal representation

Question 17

The Great Compromise

Answer 17

A proposal of a 2 house legislature with a senate (2 reps per state) and a House of Representatives (reps based on population)

Question 18

A series of articles which argued in favor of ratifying the proposed U.S. Constitution

Answer 18

Federalist papers

Question 19

Who wrote the federalist papers?

Answer 19

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay

Question 20

The principle that each branch of government enjoys separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility

Answer 20

Separation of powers

Question 21

A system of limits imposed by the constitution that gives each branch of government the limited right to change or cancel the acts of the other branches

Answer 21

Checks and balances

Question 22

Those who supported ratification of the proposed constitution

Answer 22

Federalist

Question 23

Those who opposed ratification to the proposed constitution

Answer 23

Anti-federalist

Question 24

A system of government in which two or more independent states unite to achieve certain specified common aims

Answer 24

Confederation

Question 25

The doctrine underlying a system of government in which power is divided between a central government and constituent political subunits

Answer 25

Federalism

Question 26

The constituent states are strictly subordinated to the goals of central government as a whole

Answer 26

Unitary system of government

Question 27

The doctrine of federalism that holds that state authority acts as a significant limit on congressional power under the constitution

Answer 27

Dual federalism

Question 28

Which two clauses in the constitution have paved the way for expanding federal powers?

Answer 28

Necessary and proper clause | Supremacy clause

Question 29

Grants congress the power to make laws that serve as means to achieving its expressly delegated powers

Answer 29

Necessary and proper clause

Question 30

Provides that the constitution and federal laws override any conflicting provisions or state laws

Answer 30

Supremacy clause

Question 31

Marbury v Madison

Answer 31

Doctrine of judicial review

Question 32

McCulloch v Maryland

Answer 32

Established the implied powers of the national government and the idea of national supremacy

Question 33

Gibbons v Ogden

Answer 33

Established that the power to regulate interstate commerce was an exclusive national power

Question 34

Who invented the concept of federalism?

Answer 34

Alexander Hamilton, George Washington and James Madison

Question 35

What does federalism have to do with the civil war?

Answer 35

The civil war was fought over balance of federal and state governments

Question 36

Affords congress nearly unlimited authority to exercise its powers through means that often coerce states into administering and/or enforcing federal policies

Answer 36

Cooperative federalism

Question 37

Civil liberties

Answer 37

Areas of social lie that Americans believe should be free from government interference

Question 38

Civil rights

Answer 38

Areas of social life Americans believe require government actions to ensure fairness and equality

Question 39

What does the majority of the bill of rights concern?

Answer 39

Guaranteeing citizens specific rights

Question 40

Amendment 1

Answer 40

Freedom of religion, speech and press

Question 41

Amendment 2

Answer 41

The right to bear arms

Question 42

Amendment 3

Answer 42

Government can't lodge troops in private homes

Question 43

Amendment 4

Answer 43

Warrant needed for search and seizure

Question 44

Amendment 5

Answer 44

The accused is entitled to certain rights

Question 45

Amendment 6

Answer 45

Right to a speedy trial by jury

Question 46

Amendment 7

Answer 46

Jury trial in civil cases involving money

Question 47

Amendment 8

Answer 47

Forbids cruel and unusual punishment

Question 48

Amendment 9

Answer 48

People have natural rights not stated in the constitution

Question 49

Amendment 10

Answer 49

Powers not given to the federal government belong to the states

Question 50

What are the clauses associated with freedom of religion?

Answer 50

Free exercise clause Establishment clause Lemon test

Question 51

Denies government the ability to prohibit the free exercise of religion

Answer 51

Free exercise clause

Question 52

Prohibits government from enacting any law "respecting an establishment of religion"

Answer 52

Establishment clause

Question 53

The legal test that determines if a government statue aiding public or private schools is a unconstitutional violation of the establishment clause

Answer 53

Lemon test

Question 54

- appeals "to a prurient interest in sex" - showed "patently offensive" sexual conduct - lacks "serious literacy, artistic, policial or scientific values"

Answer 54

Miller v California

Question 55

Ruled unconstitutional a state law that banned abortions except to save the life of the mother

Answer 55

Roe v Wade