Test 1 Flashcards
(31 cards)
Douglas MacArthur
26 January 1880 – 5 April 1964) was an American general and field marshal of the Philippine Army who was Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s and played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World War II. He received the Medal of Honor for his service in the Philippines Campaign, which made him and his father Arthur MacArthur, Jr., the first father and son to be awarded the medal. He was one of only five men ever to rise to the rank of General of the Army in the U.S. Army, and the only man ever to become a field marshal in the Philippine Army.
Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics for much of the 20th century. Nehru is considered to be the architect of the modern Indian nation-state; a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic.
Kwame Nkumah
(21 September 1909 – 27 April 1972), P.C.,[1] was the leader of Ghana and its predecessor state, the Gold Coast, from 1951 to 1966. Overseeing the nation’s independence from British colonial rule in 1957, Nkrumah was the first President of Ghana and the first Prime Minister of Ghana. An influential 20th-century advocate of Pan-Africanism, he was a founding member of the Organization of African Unity and was the winner of the Lenin Peace Prize in 1963.
Nikita Khrushchev
(April 15 [O.S. April 3] 1894 – September 11, 1971) led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War. He served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964. Khrushchev was responsible for the partial de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union, for backing the progress of the early Soviet space program, and for several relatively liberal reforms in areas of domestic policy. Khrushchev’s party colleagues removed him from power in 1964, replacing him with Leonid Brezhnev as First Secretary and Alexei Kosygin as Premier.
Jean Monnet
9 November 1888 – 16 March 1979) was a French political economist and diplomat. He is regarded by many as a chief architect of European unity[1] and one of the founding fathers of the European Union. Never elected to public office, Monnet worked behind the scenes of American and European governments as a well-connected pragmatic internationalist.[2] He was named patron of the 1980-1981 academic year at the College of Europe, in honour of his accomplishments.
Mao Zedong
December 26, 1893 – September 9, 1976), was a Chinese communist revolutionary, political theorist and politician. The founding father of the People’s Republic of China from its establishment in 1949, he governed the country as Chairman of the Communist Party of China until his death. In this position he converted China into a single-party socialist state, with industry and business being nationalized under state ownership and socialist reforms implemented in all areas of society. Politically a Marxist-Leninist, his theoretical contribution to the ideology along with his military strategies and brand of policies are collectively known as Maoism.
Mahmoud Abbas
Mahmoud Abbas was elected to serve until 9 January 2009, due to Palestinian Internal conflict he unilaterally extended his term for another year and continues in office even after that second deadline expired. As a result of this, Fatah’s main rival, Hamas announced that it would not recognise the extension or view Abbas as rightful president.[3][4][5] Abbas was chosen as the President of the State of Palestine by the Palestine Liberation Organization’s Central Council on 23 November 2008,[6] a job he had held unofficially since 8 May 2005.[7] Abbas served as the first Prime Minister of the Palestinian Authority from March to October 2003 when he resigned citing lack of support from Israel and the United States as well as “internal incitement” against his government.[8] Before being named prime minister, Abbas led the PLO’s Negotiations Affairs Department.
Willy Brandt
18 December 1913 – 8 October 1992) was a German statesman and politician, leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, or SPD) from 1964 to 1987 and chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1969 to 1974. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1971 for his efforts to achieve reconciliation between West Germany and the countries of the Soviet bloc.
Ngo Dinh Diem
3 January 1901 – 2 November 1963) was the first president of South Vietnam (1955–1963).[1] In the wake of the French withdrawal from Indochina as a result of the 1954 Geneva Accords, Diệm led the effort to create the Republic of Vietnam. Accruing considerable US support due to his staunch anti-communism, he achieved victory in a fraudulent 1955 plebiscite.[2]
A Roman Catholic, Diệm pursued biased and religiously oppressive policies against the Republic’s Montagnard natives and its Buddhist majority that were met with protests, epitomized in Malcolm Browne’s Pulitzer Prize winning photograph of the self-immolation of Buddhist monk Thích Quảng Đức in 1963.[3] Amid religious protests that garnered worldwide attention, Diệm lost the backing of his US patrons and was assassinated, along with his brother, Ngô Đình Nhu by Nguyễn Văn Nhung, the aide of ARVN General Dương Văn Minh on 2 November 1963, during a coup d’état that deposed his government.
Intifada
The Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, beginning in 1987.
Containment
The action of keeping something harmful under control or within limits.
The action or policy of preventing the expansion of a hostile country or influence.
Cuban Missle Crisis
A confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 over the presence of missile sites in Cuba; one of the “hottest” periods of the cold war. The Soviet premier, Nikita Khrushchev, placed Soviet military missiles in Cuba, which had come under Soviet influence since the success of the Cuban Revolution three years earlier. President John F. Kennedy of the United States set up a naval blockade of Cuba and insisted that Khrushchev remove the missiles. Khrushchev did.
Yalta Conference
a conference held in Yalta in February 1945 where Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill planned the final stages of World War II and agreed to the territorial division of Europe
Common Market
Official name European Economic Community. an economic association established in 1958 and originally composed of Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany, created chiefly to abolish barriers to free trade among member nations and to adopt common import duties on goods from other countries: the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, and Denmark joined in 1973, Greece joined in 1981, and Spain and Portugal joined in 1986.
Zionism
a worldwide Jewish movement that resulted in the establishment and development of the state of Israel. Jewish nationalists wanted to obtain a jewish state democratic state and holy land encompasment.
Soviet Satellite
A satellite state is a political term for a country that is formally independent, but under heavy political and economic influence or control by another country. The term was coined by analogy to planetary objects orbiting a larger object, such as smaller moons revolving around larger planets, and is used mainly to refer to Central and Eastern European countries[1] of the Warsaw Pact during the Cold War or to Mongolia between 1924 and 1990, for example.[citation needed] As used for Central and Eastern European countries it implies that the countries in question were “satellites” under the hegemony of the Soviet Union. In some contexts it also refers to other countries in the Soviet sphere of influence during the Cold War—such as North Korea (especially in the years surrounding the Korean War) and Cuba (particularly after it joined the Comecon). In Western usage, the term has seldom been applied to states other than those in the Soviet orbit. In Soviet usage, the term was applied to the states in the orbit of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.
Detente
detente (the easing of tensions or strained relations (especially between nations))
Normalization
Recognizing that communism in China was accepted.
Nation vs. State
A nation is a group of people that have similar identities such as culture, ideas and religion. A state is a nation and a government combined with the addition of the land and population of the arial. A state in usually in a nation
Truman doctrine vs. Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan (from its enactment, officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was the primary plan of the United States for rebuilding and creating a stronger foundation for the allied countries of Europe, and repelling communism after World War II. The initiative was named for Secretary of State George Marshall and was largely the creation of State Department officials, especially William L. Clayton and George F. Kennan.
The Truman Doctrine was a proclamation by U.S. president Harry S Truman on March 12, 1947. It stated that the U.S. would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent their falling into the Soviet sphere. Truman called upon the U.S. to “support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures,”[1] which generalized his hopes for Greece and Turkey into a doctrine applicable throughout the world. It is important to note that the Soviet Union was clearly at the heart of Truman’s thoughts, but the nation was never directly mentioned in his speech. As Edler states, Truman was attempting to solve Eastern Europe’s instability whilst making sure the spread of communism would not affect nations like Greece and Turkey.
Ostpolitic vs. Detente
Ostpolitik for short, refers to the normalization of relations between the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, or West Germany) and Eastern Europe, particularly the German Democratic Republic (GDR, or East Germany) beginning in 1969.
The main example of a detente was during the Cold War. In the 1970’s, the United States and the Soviet Union improved relations. Both signed several treaties which made less amount of nuclear weapons each country had. During this time period, as China began to dislike the Soviet Union, the United States tried to make friends with China, giving the Soviet Union a disadvantage during the Cold War.Detente primarily was concerned with relation between USA and USSR but other countries like China, West Germany and most of the European states also played their role in developing it. Their motives were mixed. The US proposed this because they did not want to have to go to war with USSR which would lead to all out nuclear warfare.
Isolation vs neutralism
Isolation is the seclusion of a country from a certain aspect such as economically. Neutralism is not taking on side or nother in a war, where the country is simply neutral.
decolonization vs neo colonization
decolonization is the separating of colonie and neo colonization is when one country takes over another country and in result the country being taken over becomes the country that is taking over
NATO vs. Warsaw pact
Ten Western European nations join the United States and Canada to form the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), an anti-Soviet military alliance that extends the deterrent threat of America’s nuclear weapons to cover Western Europe.
The Soviet Union forms the Warsaw Pact, a Communist military alliance intended to counter the threat posed by the West’s North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
They were two alliances against each other in the Cold War - communist vs. democratic.
