Test 1

Question 1

Interflow

Answer 1

Horizontal movement of water in the unsaturated zone. Occurs where soils of lower vertical conductivity occur beneath the surface.

Question 2

Baseflow

Answer 2

Water flowing from the below water table into a stream.

Question 3

Throughflow

Answer 3

Water movement down a slope in the unsaturated zone.

Question 4

Effective Porosity

Answer 4

The porosity available for fluid flow

Question 5

Porosity

Answer 5

The percentage of the rock or soil that is void of material.

Question 6

Uniformity Coefficient

Answer 6

Measure of how well or how poorly sorted a sediment is.

Question 7

Primary Porosity

Answer 7

Porosity formed during the deposition of sediments

Question 8

Secondary Porosity

Answer 8

Porosity formed by fracutres and or movements along the bedding planes.

Question 9

Specific Retention

Answer 9

The ratio of the volume of water a rock can retain against gravity drainage to the total volume of rock. n=Sy+Sr

Question 10

Specific Yield

Answer 10

The ratio of the volume of the water that drains from a saturated rock owing to the attraction of gravity to the total volume of rock.

Question 11

Drainage Basin

Answer 11

All of the land area sloping toward a particular discharge point

Question 12

Potential Evapotranspiration

Answer 12

The water loss, which will occur if at no time there is a deficiency of water in the

Question 13

aquitard

Answer 13

a layer of low permeability that can store groundwater and also transmit it slowly from one aquifer to another

Question 14

aquifer

Answer 14

a geological unit that can store and transmit water at rates fast enough to supply reasonable amounts to a well

Question 15

What are the porosity ranges for well sorted sand or gravel?

Answer 15

25-50%

Question 16

What are the porosity ranges for sand and gravel mixed?

Answer 16

20-35%

Question 17

What are the porosity ranges for glacial till?

Answer 17

10-20%

Question 18

What are the porosity ranges for Silt?

Answer 18

35-50%

Question 19

What are the porosity ranges for clay?

Answer 19

33-66%

Question 20

How does infiltration change with increasing moisture content?

Answer 20

It drops until it reaches a state of equilibrium

Question 21

What are conditions that encourage high infiltration rates?

Answer 21

coarse soils, well-vegetated land, low soil moisture, topsoil layer made porous from animal activity, and ponded water.

Question 22

How does interception rate change over time?

Answer 22

Interception is greatest at the beginning of a precipitation event and declines with time.

Question 23

When does specific retention increase?

Answer 23

With decreasing grain size

Question 24

How much water is stored in the worlds oceans?

Answer 24

97.2%

Question 25

How much water is stored in Ice?

Answer 25

2.14%

Question 26

How much water is stored in groundwater?

Answer 26

0.61%

Question 27

Why does base flow recession occur?

Answer 27

If there is no price, the discharge is entirely groundwater. As the streams drain groundwater from the reservoir, the water table falls leaving less and less groundwater to feed the stream.

Question 28

On a graph, when does base flow recession start?

Answer 28

Where the different points of data begin to converge.

Question 29

aquiclude (aguifuge)

Answer 29

an absolutely impermeable layer that will not transmit any water.

Question 30

Unconfined aquifer

Answer 30

Aquifers close to the land surface, with continuous layers of materials of high intrinsic permeability extending from the land surface to the base of the aquifer. Recharge can be from downward seepage or through lateral flow or upward seepage.

Question 31

Confinced aquifers

Answer 31

Have confining layer above them. Recharge can occur where the aquifer crops out, slow downward leakage,

Question 32

Perched aquifer

Answer 32

Layer of of saturated soil formed above the top of the main aquifer. Common in glacial outwash, volcanic terrains

Question 33

When is the rational equation most appropriate?

Answer 33

When employed in the analysis of a small drainage basin (200 ac) or less

Question 34

Where is the current in a stream fastest?

Answer 34

At the surface in the center of the stream.

Question 35

What are the origins of Juvenial Water and how much

Answer 35

Meteorites/ Comets -> enough to fill the oceans 2.5 times. Volcano ugh to fill oceans 100 times.

Question 36

What factors effect evaporation?

Answer 36

Solar radiation. Vapor Pressure, wind

Question 37

When to apply the rational equation

Answer 37

Period of price > time of concentration

Question 38

Probability

Answer 38

Chance that a flood or storm event of that magnitude or greater will occur in any given year

Question 39

classifications of aquifers

Answer 39

Confined, Unconfined, Artesian, Leaky, Perched

Question 40

What is the diameter for Gravel in USCS

Answer 40

>2mm

Question 41

What is the diameter for Sand in USCS

Answer 41

2 to 0.06

Question 42

What is the diameter for silts

Answer 42

0.06-0.002

Question 43

What is Gravimetric Water content?

Answer 43

Theta(g) is the mass of water per mass of dry soil

Question 44

What is Volumetric water content

Answer 44

Volume of water over the volume of total volume. Similar to porosity however, volume of water may not occupy all of pore space.

Question 45

Duration Curve

Answer 45

Shows percentage of time discharge is exceeded

Question 46

Rating Curve

Answer 46

Relates stream stage and discharge

Question 47

Initial Abstraction

Answer 47

The maximum amount of rainfall absorbed without producing runoff