- Right side heart failure due to lung condition - can lead to peripheral edema - distended neck veins

- rescue inhalers used during asthma attack - bronchodilator: short acting beta-adrenergic agonists

test 1 Flashcards by Liezel Cantre

How is COPD diagnosed based on assessment?

-productive cough
-dyspnea
-accessory muscles to breathe
-wheezing
-hypoxia
-hypercapnia
-resp. acidosis
-increased HGB and Increased resp rate
-digital clubbing
-Sputum culture
Barrel chest
-Chronic weight loss

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Col Pulmonale

Right side heart failure due to lung condition
can lead to peripheral edema
distended neck veins

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Position for COPD position

Tripod position. Expands thoracic area

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Commonly used for COPD patients PRIOR to exercising

Bronchodilators

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Contraindicated for pts. with asthma

P.A.M

Propanalol
Atenolol
Metropolol

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Albuterol

rescue inhalers used during asthma attack

- bronchodilator: short acting beta-adrenergic agonists

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Mucomyst

A Mucolytic that helps break down mucus and can actually cause patients to have bronchial spasms

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When do you know asthma tx. is effective?

Patients lung is clear to auscultation

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Concepts related to chest tube. what is it used for?

-For drainage of fluid, gas, or solids in the lungs (pleura space)

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Minimal air leak technique

used by physicians during tracheostomy insertion using pressures less than 25 cm H2O to avoid tracheal dilation

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What do you do whenever a dysrhythmia takes place during suctioning?

nurses should stop suctioning and ventilate patient with 100% oxygen

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what do you do If resp. rate increases while on a ventilator?

Suction

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If secretions are thick

May be due to dehydration. Patient needs fluids

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What can you do if pt. hyperventilates while on ventilator (CO2 and PaCO2 drops)?

Decrease the resp. rate on the ventilator and it may help

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ABGs

pH: 7.35-7.45
PaO2: 80-100
PaCO2: 35-45
HCO3: 21-28
SaO2: 95-100

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If patient has trouble weaning what do you do?

-Stop weaning

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What do you do if pt. Self-extubates?

Nurse should manually ventilate patient with 100% oxygen

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What do you do if there is a change in the position of an ET tube?

Listen to breath sounds

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Mucus

Protective mechanism from the body to help trap dirt, particles, and bacteria

What should the patient do if they are presenting exacerbation of emphysema?

Pursed lip breathing

Surfactant

prevents the alveolar in the lungs from collapsing. Also allows for gas exchange to happen.

Diseases involved in COPD

C.A.E

chronic bronchitis
asthma
emphysema

How long should a patient be suctioned for?

10-15 seconds

What is the first thing to fo when a patient is admitted for shortness of breath?

ASSESS

Interstitial edema in the lungs

leads to thickened alveolar membranes; - which is alveolar filling up with fluid and failure of gas exchange to occur by diffusion across the membrane

Changes that occur with aging that can affect the respiratory system are things like:

Weakened cough, kyphosis (hunchback), decrease in the body fluid and muscle weakness

One way valves when used for trachs

are used with the intent to allow patients to speak

Process of cleaning a tracheostomy

- gather equip - position ppt - don PPE - Set up equip - don sterile gloves - Unlock and remove inner cannula - place cannula in sterile saline - cleanse - rinse - reinsert

what are antibiotics used for?

to treat infections caused by bacteria

what are obturators used for?

-to help guide the trach tube be inserted.

when patient presents with epistaxis, patient should:

Avoid sneezing, rest until epistaxis threat is gone, and avoid rubbing the nose

early sign of hypoxia

restlessness

Treatments for TB

- Induction phase - continuation phase - latent phase

induction phase

-stops active cell division -IRPE ( 2months) iosonazide, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol

Continuation

to eliminate intracellular persisters - IR (4 months) - Isoniazide & Rifampin

Latent phase

Isoniazide (6-9 months)

D.O.T

Directly observed therapy -a strategy used to help control and cure TB

Bacterial pneumonia

Can show thick sputum that may be different coloe (greeN0

Prednisone

glucocorticoid that can be used to treat the inflammatory component of asthma

Symptoms that a patients presents when have active TB

- progessive fatigue - malaise - anorexia - weight loss - chronic productive cough - night sweats - low grade fever during the late afternoon - pleuritic chest pain

Mechanisms of respirations

3 processes: -1) ventilation: intake of air in and out due to change of pressure in chest cavity 2) Diffusion/perfusion: oxygen will go in through capillary wall to the capillaries from alveoli 3) cellular respiration

Mechanisms that oxygen is transported in the blood

- adequate perfusion - satisfactory diffusion - successful ventilation

adequate perfusion

passage of blood through pulmonary vessels

satisfactory diffusion

Movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across alveolar capillary membrane

Successful ventilation

exchange of air between alveolar spaces and the atmostphere

What is the nerve that gets stimulated and allows for breathing to happen

phrenic nerve