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Science Test #1 > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Plate Tectonics

A

Theory that pieces of the lithosphere are in constant, slow motion

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2
Q

The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep ocean trench and back into the mantle

A

Subduction

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3
Q

What is the difference between granite and basalt?

A

Granite has larger crystals and is light colored

Basalt has smaller/more fine crystals and is more dense and darker

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4
Q

Who came up up with the theory of the continental drift

A

Wegner

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5
Q

Density is

A

How much mass there is in a volume of a substance

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6
Q

What is the heat source for currents in the asthenosphere

A

The core and the mantle

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7
Q

What part of the earth spins fastest?

A

The inner core

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8
Q

The valley at the top of the ridge is a giant crack in the

A

Oceanic crust

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9
Q

Which layer is solid

A

Inner core

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10
Q

Does the earths core make up a bigger percentage of its mass or it volume?

A

The core is 33% of the mass but only 15% of the volume of the earth.

It makes up a greater percentage of the mass

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11
Q

Radiation

A

Heat transfer through empty space

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12
Q

The earth’s thinnest layer

A

Crust

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13
Q

Geologist

A

Study the forces that make and shape the earth

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14
Q

How do geologist study seismic waves to understand the earth’s interior?

A

They study the speed and path

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15
Q

List the layers of the earth starting with the outermost layer

A
  1. Crust
  2. Mantle
  3. Outer Core
  4. Inner Core
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16
Q

3 forms of sea floor spreading evidence is

A

-evidence from molten material
-evidence from magnetic stripes
-evidence from drilling samples
And

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17
Q

What is the continental drift

A

It’s when the continents spread apart, and became what they are today

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18
Q

Where do convection currents glow in the earth?

A

The Mantle

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19
Q

What is the most difficult question geologist have to answer?

A

What is inside of the earth because they rely on indirect evidence from seismic waves

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20
Q

What is Pangea

A

The super continent

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21
Q

Fossils of ______ were found in Africa, South America, Australia, India and Antarctica

A

Glossopteris

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22
Q

Describe the layers of the earth

A
  1. Crust = thin
  2. Mantle = very hot but solid
  3. Outer Core = liquid
  4. Inner Core = solid
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23
Q

What is the deepest ocean trench?

A

Mariana Trench

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24
Q

How thick is the mantle?

A

3000km

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25
Q

Conduction

A

Heat transfer between materials that are touching

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26
Q

Convection Current

A

The flow that transfers heat within a fluid

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27
Q

What type of rock makes up the continental crust?

A

Granite

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28
Q

Convection currents

A

Flow that transfers heat within a fluid

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29
Q

What kind of rock is granite?

A

Igneous

30
Q

What happens when a fluid reaches a constant temperature?

A

Convection currents stop

31
Q

The process that continually adds new material to the ocean floor is known as

A

Sea floor spreading

32
Q

Density ___________ when a fluid is heated

A

Decreases

33
Q

What three pieces of support wegner a hypothesis

A
  • fossils
  • land features
  • climate change
34
Q

The longest mountain range in the world. It extends into all of the earths oceans like the Seam of a baseball is known as the ….

A

Mid ocean ridge

35
Q

Because basalt is more fence than the continental crust, the oceanic crust always ____________

A

Bends down

36
Q

Convection currents in the ___________ push the new crust that forms along a mid ocean ridge towards a deep ocean trench

A

Asthenosphere

37
Q

Constructive force

A

A force that builds up the earth’s surface

38
Q

What is a deep ocean trench

A

Deep underwater canyons where the oceanic crust bends downwards

39
Q

Define fossil

A

Any trace of an ancient organism preserved in rock

40
Q

What happens at the mid ocean ridge

A

Sea floor spreading

41
Q

What is the thickest layer of the earth

A

Mantle

42
Q

The layer that contains mostly liquid rock

A

The outer core

43
Q

3 types of heat transfer

A

Radiation, conduction and convention

44
Q

A device that bounces sound waves off underwater objects and then records the echoes of these sound waves

A

Sonar

45
Q

What is Greek for lithos and Athenos

A

Lithos = weak

Athenos = stone

46
Q

Which has more mid ocean ridges, Atlantic or pacific?

A

Atlantic

47
Q

The magma spreads out, pushing the ___________ rocks at either side of the ridge apart

A

Older

48
Q

The molten material roses from the __________

A

Mantle

49
Q

Which is more dense, the continental or the oceanic crust? Why?

A

Oceanic because it is made of basalt

50
Q

Convection Currents

A

Are created because the inner core spins faster than the rest of the earth

51
Q

Which layer of the earth is mostly liquid?

A

Outer Core

52
Q

The ocean floor moves like conveyer belts, carrying the continents with them. This movement began at the

A

Mid ocean ridge

53
Q

The material cools and forms a new young ________ layer of rock at the center of the ridge

A

Solid

54
Q

What is the force pushing on a surface or area?

A

Pressure

55
Q

Which ocean has more trenches?

A

Pacific

56
Q

The earth’s liquid layer

A

The outer Core

57
Q

What causes convection currents

A
  • Changes in temperature
  • Changes in density
  • Changes in gravity
58
Q

Which ocean is shrinking and which is expanding?

A

Atlantic is expanding and Pacific is Shrinking

59
Q

Convection

A

Heat transfer within a fluid

60
Q

The ___________ the sound wave takes to get back to the surface, the deeper the ocean floor is!

A

Longer

61
Q

Seismic waves

A

Vibrations that travel through earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake

62
Q

The earth’s thickest layer

A

The mantle

63
Q

Lithosphere

A

Rigid layer formed by the uppermost part of the mantle

64
Q

What makes up the earths crust and how thick is it?

A

Rocks and soil

About 5km

65
Q

Conduction

A

Heat transfer from one material to another

66
Q

What type of rock makes up the oceanic crust?

A

Basalt

67
Q

Radiation

A

Heat transfer through an empty space

68
Q

What creates the earth’s magnetic field?

A

The currents in the liquid outer Core spin at a different rate than the inner core creating a magnetic field

69
Q

Why is old oceanic crust denser than new oceanic crust?

A

It is cooler

70
Q

Why is the inner core of the earth solid?

A

Because of the tremendous pressure

71
Q

What happens to the Earth’s temperature and pressure as you descend towards its center?

A

They increase

Science Test #1 (1 decks)

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