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Science Test #1 > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Plate Tectonics

A

Theory that pieces of the lithosphere are in constant, slow motion

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2
Q

The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep ocean trench and back into the mantle

A

Subduction

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3
Q

What is the difference between granite and basalt?

A

Granite has larger crystals and is light colored

Basalt has smaller/more fine crystals and is more dense and darker

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4
Q

Who came up up with the theory of the continental drift

A

Wegner

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5
Q

Density is

A

How much mass there is in a volume of a substance

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6
Q

What is the heat source for currents in the asthenosphere

A

The core and the mantle

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7
Q

What part of the earth spins fastest?

A

The inner core

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8
Q

The valley at the top of the ridge is a giant crack in the

A

Oceanic crust

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9
Q

Which layer is solid

A

Inner core

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10
Q

Does the earths core make up a bigger percentage of its mass or it volume?

A

The core is 33% of the mass but only 15% of the volume of the earth.

It makes up a greater percentage of the mass

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11
Q

Radiation

A

Heat transfer through empty space

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12
Q

The earth’s thinnest layer

A

Crust

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13
Q

Geologist

A

Study the forces that make and shape the earth

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14
Q

How do geologist study seismic waves to understand the earth’s interior?

A

They study the speed and path

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15
Q

List the layers of the earth starting with the outermost layer

A
  1. Crust
  2. Mantle
  3. Outer Core
  4. Inner Core
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16
Q

3 forms of sea floor spreading evidence is

A

-evidence from molten material
-evidence from magnetic stripes
-evidence from drilling samples
And

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17
Q

What is the continental drift

A

It’s when the continents spread apart, and became what they are today

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18
Q

Where do convection currents glow in the earth?

A

The Mantle

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19
Q

What is the most difficult question geologist have to answer?

A

What is inside of the earth because they rely on indirect evidence from seismic waves

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20
Q

What is Pangea

A

The super continent

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21
Q

Fossils of ______ were found in Africa, South America, Australia, India and Antarctica

A

Glossopteris

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22
Q

Describe the layers of the earth

A
  1. Crust = thin
  2. Mantle = very hot but solid
  3. Outer Core = liquid
  4. Inner Core = solid
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23
Q

What is the deepest ocean trench?

A

Mariana Trench

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24
Q

How thick is the mantle?

A

3000km

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25
Conduction
Heat transfer between materials that are touching
26
Convection Current
The flow that transfers heat within a fluid
27
What type of rock makes up the continental crust?
Granite
28
Convection currents
Flow that transfers heat within a fluid
29
What kind of rock is granite?
Igneous
30
What happens when a fluid reaches a constant temperature?
Convection currents stop
31
The process that continually adds new material to the ocean floor is known as
Sea floor spreading
32
Density ___________ when a fluid is heated
Decreases
33
What three pieces of support wegner a hypothesis
- fossils - land features - climate change
34
The longest mountain range in the world. It extends into all of the earths oceans like the Seam of a baseball is known as the ....
Mid ocean ridge
35
Because basalt is more fence than the continental crust, the oceanic crust always ____________
Bends down
36
Convection currents in the ___________ push the new crust that forms along a mid ocean ridge towards a deep ocean trench
Asthenosphere
37
Constructive force
A force that builds up the earth's surface
38
What is a deep ocean trench
Deep underwater canyons where the oceanic crust bends downwards
39
Define fossil
Any trace of an ancient organism preserved in rock
40
What happens at the mid ocean ridge
Sea floor spreading
41
What is the thickest layer of the earth
Mantle
42
The layer that contains mostly liquid rock
The outer core
43
3 types of heat transfer
Radiation, conduction and convention
44
A device that bounces sound waves off underwater objects and then records the echoes of these sound waves
Sonar
45
What is Greek for lithos and Athenos
Lithos = weak Athenos = stone
46
Which has more mid ocean ridges, Atlantic or pacific?
Atlantic
47
The magma spreads out, pushing the ___________ rocks at either side of the ridge apart
Older
48
The molten material roses from the __________
Mantle
49
Which is more dense, the continental or the oceanic crust? Why?
Oceanic because it is made of basalt
50
Convection Currents
Are created because the inner core spins faster than the rest of the earth
51
Which layer of the earth is mostly liquid?
Outer Core
52
The ocean floor moves like conveyer belts, carrying the continents with them. This movement began at the
Mid ocean ridge
53
The material cools and forms a new young ________ layer of rock at the center of the ridge
Solid
54
What is the force pushing on a surface or area?
Pressure
55
Which ocean has more trenches?
Pacific
56
The earth's liquid layer
The outer Core
57
What causes convection currents
- Changes in temperature - Changes in density - Changes in gravity
58
Which ocean is shrinking and which is expanding?
Atlantic is expanding and Pacific is Shrinking
59
Convection
Heat transfer within a fluid
60
The ___________ the sound wave takes to get back to the surface, the deeper the ocean floor is!
Longer
61
Seismic waves
Vibrations that travel through earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake
62
The earth's thickest layer
The mantle
63
Lithosphere
Rigid layer formed by the uppermost part of the mantle
64
What makes up the earths crust and how thick is it?
Rocks and soil About 5km
65
Conduction
Heat transfer from one material to another
66
What type of rock makes up the oceanic crust?
Basalt
67
Radiation
Heat transfer through an empty space
68
What creates the earth's magnetic field?
The currents in the liquid outer Core spin at a different rate than the inner core creating a magnetic field
69
Why is old oceanic crust denser than new oceanic crust?
It is cooler
70
Why is the inner core of the earth solid?
Because of the tremendous pressure
71
What happens to the Earth's temperature and pressure as you descend towards its center?
They increase

Science Test #1 (1 decks)

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