Test 1 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are the 3 tenets in the art of nursing?
Caring
Attending
Pt advocacy
What are 7 signs of mental health?
Happiness vs MI
Control over behavior vs d/o
Appraisal of reality vs psychosis
Effectiveness in work vs adjustment d/o
Healthy self concept vs dependent personality d/o
Satisfying relationship vs BPAD
Effective coping strategies vs substance dependence
What is Freuds psychoanalytic theory based on? What does he believe most d/o are derived from?
What are the 5 stages?
Unconscious thought-interprets meaning.(psycho sexual)
Early life traumas.
Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital.
What are the 3 parts of personality freud focuses on?
Id: pleasure principle (me focused)
Ego:reality principle (sense of self)
superego: conscience (moral and ethical values)-developed over time.
What are the therapies for freud?
Psychoanalytic/dynamic models
Learning to understand unconscious motivation for behaviors by free association (pulls repressed memories) and dream analysis.
(Transference/counter)
What is Sullivan’s interpersonal theory? 5 stages? What is it aimed at avoiding?
Early interpersonal relationships are crucial for personality development. More childhood based.
Infancy, childhood, juvenile, pre-adol, adol.
Anxiety-then develops d/o.
What is the interpersonal therapy focused on?
Currency, life now.
Awareness of dysfunction patterns leads to change in behavior.
What are pavlov, watson, and skinners behavior theories?
Pavlov-classic conditioning (invol behavior can be conditioned to respond to neutral stimuli)
Watson-maladaptive behavior is learned.
Skinner-operant conditioning. Vol behavior are learned thru consequences of reinforcement.
What is cognitive behavioral therapy?
(D/o result of faulty thinking) Modify neg thoughts/feelings/behavior -Id neg think patterns -abc record: activate event, automatic beliefs, conseq of beliefs -reformat neg thinking to realistic
What does Piagets theory of cognitive development state? 4 stages?
Mental representation is based on level of cognition reached. (Infancy to adulthood)
Sensorimotor:basic reflexs (hand to eye)
Preoperational:concrete thinking
Concrete operational:logical thought, abstract problem solving.
Formal operational:puberty, mirror adults
What are the 4 lobes of the brain. What do these control?
Frontal:thought processes
Parietal:sensory/motor functions
Occipital:visual functions
Temporal:auditory functions affecting language and speech.
What are specific functions of the frontal lobe?
Mental activity Consciousness Perception of external world Emotional status Memory Voluntary motor activity Language and communication
What structures are in the temporal lobe? What do they control?
Hippocampus:learning/memory
Amygdala:memory and processing of fear and anxiety
What is the limbic system composed of? What does it control?
Amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus.
Emotional motivational areas associated w/ perception, attention, and memory.
Activity slowed by antianxiety meds.
What does the basal ganglia control? What controls the exrapyramidal motor system of the basal ganglia?
Smooth muscle movement and integration of emotions and thoughts.
Dopamine
Antipsychotic meds block dopamine therefore block voluntary movement creating invol movement.
What are the thalamus and hypothalamus responsible for?
Thal:sensory relay station to cerebral cortex
Hypo:homeostasis of multiple body systems. Secretes releasing hormones.
How does stress affect the hypothalamus? What in turn happens?
Stress causes release of CRF which stims anterior pit to release ACTH, stim release at adrenal cortex of cortisol (stress hormone)
Antidepressants reverse dysfunctions
What has PET scans shown in individuals w/ depressive d/o, schiz, and OCD?
Dep/schiz: decreased brain metabolism, low dopamine
OCD:inc brain metab
What are the neurotransmitters?
Dopamine, serotonin, NE, histamine, GABA, glutamate, Acetylcoline
What are the functions of dopamine?
Stims heart, inc blood flow to organs Muscle movement and motor coordination Integration of emotions and thoughts, and decision making Inc in mania/schiz Dec in dep/Parkinson's
What can occur with excessive dopamine blocking? And SE to using?
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (too little dopamine)
Acute extrapyramidal symptoms (ICU pt):muscle stiff, dystonia, akathesia.
Tardive dyskinesia:abnormal invol irregular movements (permanent) like lip smacking toe tapping grimacing
What are other SE to blocking NT’s:NE, Histamine, acetylcholine
NE:hypotension
Histamine:sedation weight gain
Acetyl:antichol effects:blur vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary hes.
(Dopa blocker can Inc levels of prolactin)amenorrhea , galactorrhea, gynocomastia, sex dysfunc, priapism, impotence.
