TEST 1 Flashcards
What is science?
an intellectual activity carried on by humans that is designed to discover information about the natural world in which humans live and to discover the ways in which this information can be organized into meaningful patterns.
What is a good hypothesis?
A hypothesis is a tentative, testable answer to a scientific question.
How are humans different from other mammals sexually?
- Males can’t tell when Females ovulating
- Humans are one of the three species that have menopause
- Most species one ovulation with an associatied set of intercourse produces one pregnancy. Not Humans though.
- Historically, a substantial proportion of women died in childbirth
What determines sex?
it’s determined by the father’s sperm. An X-sex-chromosome-bearing sperm fertilizes an always-X-carrying-egg to make it female (XX), a Y-bearing one makes it male (XY).
What is hpv? How does it kill women?
HPV stands for human papillomavirus.
Genital HPV is a very common sexually transmitted infection which usually causes no symptoms and goes away by itself, but can sometimes cause serious illness.
What is a vaccine?
a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease
Who should decide whether people should get vaccines?
Yourself.
But if proven effective, one should trust the data and research.
How does one get infected with an STD?
Kissing, sexual intercourse, Oral sex, dry sexy and indirect contact
Can STDS it be cured?
No, but it can be controlled.
How common are STDs in America?
More than half of all people will have an STD/STI at some point in their lifetime
Recent estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Infection show that there are 19.7 million new STIs every year in the U.S
In 2008, there were an estimated 110 million prevalent STIs among women and men in the U.S.. Of these, more than 20% (22.1 million) were among women and men aged 15 to 24 years.2
explain cell theory
This theory states the following:
All living things are made of cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
Living cells come only from other living cells.
What do we mean by failure rate? (Devices/methods can be used to prevent pregnancy)
The rate in which one can get pregnant
Why is “typical” use different from “best” use?
Typical basically means… the most popular method and means it USUALLY does a good job..
Best means..it’s SUPER effective and best way to prevent pregnancy
Which birth control is the most effective? Which is the least effective?
IUD is the most effective
Pull out method is the least effective
Would you expect to find a chloroplast in an animal?
no
Would you expect to find a mitochondrion in a plant?
yes
How does DNP work?
DNP works via increasing heat production in cells- a process known as uncoupling. This making cells less efficient with energy and at completing respiration of ATP– this our energy currency and we rely on it for all bodily functions.
What features do all cells have in common?
All cells on Earth have genetic material (DNA), a plasma membrane, cytoplasm (also known as cytosol), and ribosomes. These features are ubiquitous between both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
explain diffusion
a type of transport that moves molecules or compounds in or out of a cell.
explain polarity
simply means that the molecule has both a positively and negatively charged end. More important, the polarity of water is responsible for effectively dissolving other polar molecules, such as sugars and ionic compounds such as salt. Ionic compounds dissolve in water to form ions.
What is a cell?
the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane.
What is the difference between a cell and a cell organelle?
The difference between a cell and an organelle is that an organelle is part of a eukaryotic cell. While a cell is typically considered to be the smallest self-contained part or independently functioning unit of an organism, organelles are smaller structures within eukaryotic cells that carry out various functions.
Who was Robert Hooke, and how does his work tie into cell theory?
an English scientist, discovered a honeycomb-like structure in a cork slice using a primitive compound microscope. He only saw cell walls as this was dead tissue. He coined the term “cell” for these individual compartments he saw.
Who was van Leeuwenhoek, and how does he tie in to cell theory?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek is another scientist who saw these cells soon after Hooke did. He made use of a microscope containing improved lenses that could magnify objects almost 300-fold, or 270x. … Leeuwenhoek named these “animalcules,” which included protozoa and other unicellular organisms, like bacteria.
