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North American Geography > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Soils in the SE US with warmth causing increased rate of leeching?

A

Ultisols

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2
Q

Vertisol characteristic?

A

Heavy clay

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3
Q

Characteristics of depositional aeolian landscapes?

A

Found more in humid areas where they are stabalized, or they are on steps, creates fertile land and develops LOESSIAN SOILS.

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4
Q

____ refers to mountain building events

A

orogeny

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5
Q

immature soil typoe?

A

entisol

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6
Q

The US has two of these, one where the rockies are, and thre other where the appalachians are.

A

The orogenic belts

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7
Q

Characteristics of spodsols?

A

developed under CONIFEROUS VEGETATION

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8
Q

Illuviation of clay in the b horizon is found in this soil type

A

alfisols

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9
Q

Charcteristics of histosols

A

nasty murky muddy with organic matter decomposing

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10
Q

What are orogenic belts and how are they formed?

A

Formerly active edges of a continent formed by plate convergence

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11
Q

What is the primary trigger of plate tectonics?

A

The circulation of asthenosphere in the mantel.

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12
Q

Sometimes a glacier will leave behind a river and a trail of shit, this is known as__-

A

the outwash plain

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13
Q

The deposition of materials removed from previous horizons

A

illuviation

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14
Q

Inceptisol charcteristics

A

young soils found in arctic with ALLUVIUM and evidence of WEATHERING

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15
Q

alfisols distinguishing characteristic?

A

clay in the b horizon

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16
Q

Upside down river bed left behind by a glacier?

A

Esker

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17
Q

organic soils that form in poor drainage areas, made up of ORGANIC MATTER AT VARIOUS STAGES OF DECOMPOSITION

A

Histosols

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18
Q

The basement rocks of continents are known as _____

A

Craton

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19
Q

What are the features of a composite volcano?

A

most dangers,cylindrical, steep sided, lava bmbs, mt st heles, shasta, PYROCLASTIC flows.

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20
Q

Change in temperature differentails between air masses contribue to changes in what?

A

Pressure

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21
Q

horizon where there is loose and partly decayed organic mattert?

A

O

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22
Q

A region with sinkholes, caves and closed depressions is called this

A

karst landscape

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23
Q

Describe the structural controls of a Parallel drainage

A

closely spaced faults, steep topography, non cohesive sediments.

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24
Q

Wind velocity is the required element for this activity

A

Particles uindergoing rolling, pushing ,creeping, saltation etc

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25
Q

Horizon where there is zone of eluviation and leachin?

A

E

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26
Q

Characteristics of a shield volcano and foudn where?

A

very large, gently sloping slow moving lava mostly in snake river basic and west near idao (also hawaii

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27
Q

Wind shaped landforms are also known as

A

Aeolian Landscapes

28
Q

How does the davisian cycle of erosion in humid envireonments begin and end?

A

begins with uplift and ends with PENEPLAIN

29
Q

What are related mountain ranges called?

A

Cordilleras

30
Q

mineral matter mixed with some humus is what horizon?

A

A

31
Q

Where a glacier might sit on a mountain?

A

The cirque

32
Q

Changes in temperature contribute to changes in ??

A

Pressure

33
Q

What are the characteristics of erosional coastal landforms?

A

sea cliffs, and wave cut platforms

34
Q

What is the melting of the glacier due to pressure known as?

A

Ablation

35
Q

What are the areas of ground that have major holes showing that glaciers had dropped off a huge chunk of ice known as?

A

Kettles

36
Q

Soils developed under coniferous vegetation are called

A

SPODSOLS

37
Q

Particles that undergo rolling or pushing creep, saltation, etc depends up ______ _______

A

Wind velocity

38
Q

Horizon where there is clay transported from above?

A

B

39
Q

LITTERFALL AND HUMUS ENRICHMENT are the terms that will help you identify which soild type?

A

mollisols

40
Q

If 3 aretes meet, they might leave behind this sharp looking feature

A

a horn

41
Q

What are moraines

A

the edges and cuts in the ground that are left behind by glaciers

42
Q

the downward transport process of minerals through the soil profile aka leaching is

A

eluviation

43
Q

How does latitude affect climate?

A

it determines the angle of solar radiation (at the north and south pole, radiation hits it more obliquely/at the equator, the radiation migrates between both tropics.

44
Q

What is the first thing to triggwer glacial movement?

A

Pressure caused from increased accumulation

45
Q

A karst landscape is generally underlain by these 2 things

A

limestone and dolomite.

46
Q

A terrain generally underlain by limestone or dolomite is known as this:

A

Karst Landscape

47
Q

What are the craton?

A

The basement rocks of continents

48
Q

What is the O horizon of soil

A

top, loose and partly decayed organic matter

49
Q

How are loessian soils created?

A

The deposition of fine particles via wind.

50
Q

The terms weathering and ALLUVIUM will help you identify which type of soil?

A

Inceptisols

51
Q

This type of wind erosion is done through sand blasting and removal of debris

A

abrasion and deflation

52
Q

A cirque is what now?

A

Where the glacier sits on a mountain

53
Q

Dry climate soils with salinization?

A

aridisols

54
Q

What are the edgs and recessions that are made to show how a glacier has moved?

A

Moraines

55
Q

Characteristics of erosional aeolian landforms?

A

Primarily found in ARID regions.

56
Q

________ IS WHAT YOU EXPECT; __________ IS WHAT YOU GET

A

Climate; Weather

57
Q

mollisols charcateristics?

A

Dark A horizon color because of HUMUS enrichment from decompost of LITTERFALL

58
Q

When a glacier tears through a region and just fucks it all up?

A

Deranged drainage.

59
Q

The process by which the oceanic plate is being sucked under by the continental plate is known as?

A

Subduction

60
Q

An oval like hill left behind by a glacier?

A

Drumlin

61
Q

How are the seasons determined on earth?

A

The axial tilt.

62
Q

A heavy clay soil type?

A

Vertisols

63
Q

aridisols distinguishing characteristic?

A

found in dry climates where deposits of salts are found AKA SALINIZATION

64
Q

Whena glacier melts from an alpine area it might leave behind this

A

An Arete

65
Q

what are the characteristics of a depositional coastal landform?

A

barrier islands, lagoons, swamps, sediment being dumpoed over a long period of time.

66
Q

What are the mounds of sediments left behind by glaciers known as?>

A

Kames

67
Q

Horizon where there is partially altered parent material?

A

C

North American Geography (3 decks)

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