Test 1 Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
Protozoan
A
the very first animals
2
Q
Protozoan Characteristics
A
Characteristics:
1) all are unicellular eukaryotes lacking collagen and chitinous cell walls
2) all are non-photosynthetic, in the primitive condition
3
Q
Porifera
A
pore-bearing
4
Q
Porifera Characteristics
A
Characteristics:
1) Secretion of complex intracellular organelles called cnidae (nematocysts)
2) planula larvae in the life cycle
5
Q
Ctenophora
A
comb bearing
6
Q
Ctenophora Characteristics
A
Characteristics:
1) plates of fused cilia arranged in rows
2) adhesive prey-capturing cells (colloblasts)
7
Q
Platyhelminthes
A
flat worm
8
Q
Platyhelminthes Characteristics
A
Characteristics: 1) bilaterally symmetrical dorsoventrally flattened
2 ) body having 3 tissues layers, but no body cavity
3) possess a blind gut digestive system
9
Q
Mollusca
A
soft
10
Q
Mollusca Characteristics
A
One or more pairs of chitinous setae
11
Q
aerobic
A
by way of oxygen
12
Q
anerobic
A
Without oxygen
13
Q
Auto
A
Self
14
Q
Bi
A
Two
15
Q
Bio
A
Life
16
Q
Chemo
A
By way of chemicals
17
Q
Co
A
Two or together
18
Q
Di
A
Two
19
Q
Dino
A
Terrible or whipping
20
Q
Ecto
A
External
21
Q
Endo
A
Internal
22
Q
Epi
A
Upon
23
Q
Genesis
A
Create
24
Q
Hetero
A
Different
25
Hexa
Six
26
Homo
Same
27
Hydro
Water
28
Inter
Between
29
Intra
Within
30
ISO
Same
31
Meso
Middle
32
Micro
Small
33
Octo
Eight
34
Oligo
Few
35
Photo
By way of light
36
Poly
Many
37
Pro
Before
38
Prototype
First
39
Pseudo
False or fake
40
Quad
Four
41
Stereo
Two
42
Triplo
Three
43
Uni
One
44
Zoa
Animal
45
Derm
Skin
46
Lysis
To cut
47
mer
Part
48
Ology
The study of
49
Philic
To like
50
Phobic
To hate
51
Podía
Foot or base
52
Synthesis
To make
53
Trophic
Eat or mode of nutrition
54
What group are in the mollusk group?
Clams, snails, gastropods, cephalopod
55
How long have mollusks been around?
570 Mya
56
Mollusks can be found in which environments?
Marine, terrestrial, aquatic freshwater
57
What is the simplest molluscan body?
Head-foot and a visceral made
58
The head-foot portion of a molluscan body plan does what?
Locomotion: feeding, cephalic, and sensory organs
59
What does the visceral mass contain in the molluscan body plan?
Digestive system, and all other organs
60
What unique mouth do mollusks have?
Radula
61
What does the mantle do on mollusks?
Secrets the shell
62
Why is the mantle cavity important in mollusks?
Gills develop from mantel and exchanges gases in the mantle cavity
63
What body systems in mollusks empty into the mollusks mantle cavity?
Reproductive, digestive, and excretory systems.
64
In aquatic mollusks what does the beating of cilia do?
Help push water in and out of organism
65
What happens when a irritating object, such as a grain of sand, lodges itself between the mantle and shell of a mollusk such as an oyster?
Forms a pearl
66
What kind of circulatory systems to mollusks have?
An open circulatory system.
67
What is hemolymph?
blood and extracellular fluid. blood and extracellular fluid.
68
What are the most active mollusks?
Cephalopods
69
What kind of circulatory system do cephalopods have?
A close circulatory system
70
Which mollusks have the most developed brain?
Cephalopods, they have the ability to learn, problem solve, and remember.
71
Cnidaria have what kind of tissue type?
Diploblastic
72
Cnidaria have what kind of nervous system?
A nerve net, but no central nervous system
73
What are nerve nets?
Nerve impulses are transmitted between cells by the release of neurotransmitters vesicles that carry signals across the synapse
74
Impulses in the nerve that are Uni directional or bidirectional?
Bidirectional
75
How do Cnidaria digest food?
Blind got body plan:
```
Digestion
Absorbtions
Gas exchange
Excreation
Support
```
76
In Cnidaria, the body wall surrounds what?
Gastrovascular cavity has an outer epidermis and inner gastrodermis
77
What is between the body layers of Cnidaria?
Age of lightness layer of mesogles that can be fibers or stuffed with spicules or flexible proteins.
78
What are the two body forms of Cnidaria?
Polyp and hydra
79
What are cindocytes?
Contain stinging nomatocysts that are used to kill prey in Cnidarian species.
80
Toxins from nematocysts interfere with?
Sodium potassium pump's, causing paralysis and pray to get tangled in the tentacles
81
What is the head portion of a jellyfish called?
The bell
82
How do Cnidaria polyps move?
Some polyp forms can do somersaults (or wormlike inching along) to move similar to somersaulting or crawling
83
What do jellyfish eat?
Anything that is small and stuck in their tentacles. Crustaceans , fish, fish eggs, planktonic larva, etc.
84
What organisms eat jellyfish?
Tuna, sharks, swordfish, turtles, and other jellyfish
85
What organisms eat anemones?
Nudibranches, some species can place the anemones nematocysts on their back for protection
86
Polyps are _____ organisms and attach to substrate using their ___________.
Sessile
Pedal disk
87
How do Cnidaria reproduce?
Sexually and asexually
88
What are hydrozoa?w
Hydras
89
What are scyphozoa?
Common jellyfish
90
What are Anthozoa?
Sea anemones and corals
91
What are the four classes of Cnidaria?
Hydrozoa
Scyphozoa
Anthrozoa
Cubozoa
92
What are cubozoas?
Box jellyfish
93
What are some characteristics of Cubozoa?
Strong swimmers
Produce highly toxic venom with long tentacles
Have eyes and other sense organs
94
What are the two groups of Anthozoa?
Zoanthraria- sea anemones and hard corals
Octocorallia- see fans, sea pansies, sea pens, and soft corals
95
What are the five mollusk classes?
```
Polyplacophra: chitons
Scaphopoda: task shells or tooth shells
Bivalves: clams, oysters, muscles
Gastropods: snails, slugs, limpets, whelks
Cephalopods: octopus, squid, Nautilis
```
96
Polyplacophora:
```
Exclusively marine, chitons are somewhat dorsoventrally flattened molluscs with a
dorsal surface covered with a series of
usually 8 (rarely 7) overlapping,
articulated, calcareous plates.
```
97
Do Scaphopoda (tusk shells) have gills?
No, gas exchange occurs across the mantle itself
98
What do scaphopoda eat?
Detritus and other small organisms
99
How do scaphopoda capture food?
With captaculla: thread like mucus covered tentacles that have adhesive knobs on either end.
100
What is the largest class of mollusks?
Gastropods
101
What is the second largest class of mollusks?
Bivalves
102
What holds the two shelves of a bivalve together?
Hinge ligament
103
How do bivalves reproduce
Sexually, fertilization is X ternal
104
What is an operculum?
A lid made of protein that can be used to close the shell opening
105
What are the three groups of gastropods?
Prosobranchia: everyone calls, wealth, oyster boars, and limpets
Opistibranchia: Sea slugs, sea butterflies, sea hares
Plumonata: land snails and slugs
106
Where are the shells of cephalopods?
Internal
107
Cephalopods have chromatophores. What are chromatophores?
Pigments within cells that allowed the organism to change colors to blend into their surroundings
108
What organisms are in the phylum platyhelminthes?
Flatworms
109
What characteristics do Playthelminthes have?
Triploblast
Bilateral symmetry
protostomes
Acoelomate
110
What classes are found within Playthelminthes?
Tubellaria: free living flatworms
Trematoda: parasitic flukes
Cestoda: parasitic tapeworms
111
Playthelmintheswere the first to develop cephalizatiion. What is cephalization?
The development of sense organs connected at the head end of the organism. Also have a ladder type nervous system.
112
How do Playthelminthes reproduce?
Sexually or asexually. Some are hermaphroditic.
113
How many classes are in Playthelminthes?
1) Turbellaria: free living flatworms
2) Termtoda: Endo parasitic fluke
3) monogenea: parasitic flukes that are mainly ectoparasites
4) Cestoda: tapeworms
