Test # 1 Flashcards
(27 cards)
How many base pairs are in DNA & what do they provide?
There are over 3 billion base pairs and they provide genetic blueprints of an individual.
How is DNA packaged and what does the DNA sequence code for?
DNA is packaged as chromosomes and they sequence code for traits
What is the difference between DNA between all living things.
The sequence of the nucleotides.
What does Restriction Enzymes do?
They recognize and cut specific sequences in DNA.
How does Gel Electrophoresis separate DNA fragments and where are they used?
Gel Electrophoresis separates DNA by the size and is used in Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism.
What is the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes.
The relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes are that chromosomes are inside the DNA and the DNA carries the gene.
What is the structure of DNA?
It’s a double helix, phosphate and sugar molecules are on the sides and the base pairs would be the rungs.
What is the structure of a nucleotide?
A nucleotide has a sugar, a phosphate, and one base.
How does restriction enzymes work?
When a restriction enzyme finds a similar part of a DNA sequence that matches a part of the restriction enzyme, it cuts that part in half.
How does gel electrophoresis separate DNA?
By size.
What is DNA?
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It carries the blueprint for an individual’s genes.
How do scientist isolate DNA in order to study it?
They extract DNA using a buffer and ethanol, like the strawberry experiment.
How does DNA differ from person to person?
Each person has different genetic blueprints because we all come from different sets of parents (unless for sibling but even at that, they differ) One set comes from the mother, one from the father.
How can tools of molecular biology be used to compare the DNA of two individuals?
They could use Gel Electrophoresis which physically shows the differences and similarities of they could just extract DNA and compare it like that.
What are restriction enzymes?
Restriction enzymes are enzymes that cut DNA molecules in certain places.
What are restriction fragment length polymorphisms?
RFLP is basically the difference in DNA that can be shown by the difference in fragment length.
What is gel electrophoresis and how can the results be interpreted?
Gel electrophoresis basically uses gel and an electric field to separate DNA fragments by size. They put the DNA fragments in the gel at one end and uses the electrical field to pull the DNA fragments through.
Adenine
Pairs with Thymine
Chromosome
Contains information used to keep cells growing and reproducing. Is made up of DNA.
Cytosine
Pairs with Guanine
Gel Electrophoresis
A process in which gel and an electric field separates DNA fragments by size.
Gene
A segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait.
Guanine
Pairs with Cytosine.
Helix
Used to describe a DNA molecule structure.
