Test 1 Flashcards by Avi korman

What were the goals of Jacques Cartier’s 3rd voyage

convert native people to Catholicism

2. Establish ai colony in the valley of St Laurent

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How any trips did Cartier make and when were they

1534
1535
1541

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Name the main reason France organized an expedition

Fo find a quicker route to Asia 
To create a colonial empire
To compete with its rivals
To find precious metals
To convert native people to Catholicism

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When prisoners were given a second chance were did they live?

They were adopted into long houses to replace members that had been lost

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What was the war chief responsible for

Devising military strategies

Leading warriors into battle

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Name 3 reasons for alliances

Conduct trade
Defend each other
Fight a common enemy
Maintain political relationships

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Where did the nuclear and extended family live in the Iroquois community

Long house

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What did they Europeans acquire from trading with the natives

Fur-which became a very sought out commodity in the European community

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Was territory considered to be an individual property?

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What is the Bering Strait theory?

The water was above the sea level when the sea level dropped a land from underneath the ground came up so the native people could walk on the land

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During a time of war if you were captured was it easy to just turn Iroquoian one day?

No, it took many years of physiological and emotional manipulation

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What did the native people acquire from trading with the Europeans

Glass heads
Axes
Knives
Hammers
Nails
Clothing

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Name 3 roles men did in the Algonquian community

Hunted and fished
Built dwells
Made boats tools and weapons
Taught boys

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What did Jacques Cartier bring with him on his 3rd voyage ?

400 colonists
Some cattle
Large supply of provisions

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How when and who discovered the Americas ?

In 1492 Columbus discovered the americas

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Sedentary or Nomadic
Iroquoian
Algonquian
Inuit

Iroquoian sedentary
Algonquian nomadic
Inuit nomadic

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Name 3 roles the women did in the inuit community

Skinned and cleaned mammals and game 
Prepared meals
Hunted small game
Gathered: eggs urchins and mussels
Taught girls
Made clothing

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What Asian countries were the Europeans in trade with?

Spain
France
Portugal
Turkey
Italy
Holland

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Name motivations for crossing beringia

Search for food
Follow animal migration
Lack of ressources
Climate 
protection
Nomadic 
Foraging

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Was gift giving manditory

No but it was expected

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What did cartier think he discovered. What did he do after

He thought he found gold and diamonds and then immediately returned to France against his kinds order

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What territory did the Iroquoian occupy

Great Lakes region

St Lawrence valley

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Name 3 roles men did in the Iroquoian community

Hunted and I shed 
Participated in trade 
Built dwells
Went to war when needed
Taught boys

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What did the Iroquoian use or transportation ?

Canoes
Toboggans
Snowshoes

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What territory did the Algonquian people occupy?

Eastern and central quebec

Name 3 roles the women did in the Iroquoian community

``` We’re in charge of all farming related activities Hunted small game Collected nuts berries and maple Made baskets pottery and reed mats Taught girls ```

Could a women be a shaman ?

Yes

What were the inuit people primary means of subsistence ?

Hunting and fishing | Follow anima migration

What did inuit people sleep in?

Winter=igloos | Summer=tent structures

How were ressources split up

Evenly

Did they trade to accumulate wealth

How many few members did Cartier bring and hw many died and how

He brought 110 | 25 died o scurvy

Who did some First Nations people only hunt for fur

They could trade it with the Europeans

Name 3 roles the men did in the inuit community

Hunting and fishing Built dwellings Made boats tools and weapons Educated boys

Why would nations trade with other nations

To make alliances and relationships

Was going to île st croix successful?

No it was brutal

True or false Iroquoian people were led by chiefs

True

What fur was very valuable

Canadian fur | Beaver fur

What did the Algonquian people use for transportation ?

Canoes Toboggans Snowshoes

what were civil chiefs responsible for?

Political matter trade matter Relationship with other villages

How did the ranch have steps towards beginning a foothold in the fur trade?

Making necessary alliances with First Nations people Building a strategic trading post in Tadoussac Use the trading post as a place to store goods Place to store goods ans keep for dry

We’re id Giovanni da Verrazano explore?

Regions between New Brunswick and Florida

What did the alliance of Europeans ultimately lead to

Settle in the territory

What daily decisions did chiefs make ?

Determining movement Organizing expeditions Deciding where and when to make camp

What decisions did the council make?

Whether to allign with another nation | Making war/peace

What were the Iroquoian people primary means of subsistence ?

Farming grew the 3 sisters | Corn squash beans

Why did First Nations groups alliance with the French in 1603

To strengthen trade relationships

What was montreal called and what was quebec called

Montreal-hocheloga | Quebec-stadacoma

Name 3 ways people dies in the americas with roberval

Diseases Starvation Executed by roberval

How did alliance go with the Europeans help the First Nations group ?

Steady supply of Europeans groups | or I’d able military partnership

While Cartier was returning to France who did he saw and what ddid he tell him

He saw Roberval on his way back. | Roberval told him to go back but Cartier didnt listen

When were people taken to be prisoners

At a time of war

How many people were in the Algonquian hunting group

10-20

What did all clans posses?

An animal symbol to identify themselves

How did alliance go with the First Nations help the Europeans

Steady supply of fur trade

What did shamans do/what supernatural powers did they have?

``` Establish communications with spirits Interpret the significance of dreams Predict the future heal individuals Wander off evil spirits administrating sacred remedies ```

Who decided if a prisoner deserved a second chance?

Clan mother

Why did they not go to the Americas to fish in the winter

Because the water was frozen

Who were in the Algonquian nuclear family ?

Grandparents parents Grand children

What is glaciation

Hugh ice glows covering the nothern hemisphere

Where the elders respected

Yes

Who was in their hunting groups and what was it

Their family and another family | Setting up seasonal hunting camps

If you give a gift should you expect one back?

Yes

What power did the clan mother have?

Strip and appoint chiefs of their titles

What did the Algonquian people sleep in? Why?

Wigwams because it was very convient for their nomadic way of lifestyle

What territory did the inuit people occupy?

Most nighters territories of canada

What if the inuit people use for transportation?

Sleds Kayaks Unimaks

What were the Algonquian primary means of subsistence ?

Hunting and fishing

True or false | Algonquian were led by chiefs

True

Why did fisherman got to the Americas to fish?

Because there were so many fish there

How did native people transmit culture/knowledge

Orally

What happened in the last ice age period

Drastic drop in global temperature Cause bodies of water to freeze Result drop in ocean level

What was the goal of cartiers second voyage

Finding a passage to Asia

Why did they decide to go to dabble island

Serve a foothold in administrating trade and exploration

What did Iroquoian people sleep in?

Long houses

Who did the king appoint to be responsible o the colony

Roberval

What was discussed in the Algonquian bands ?

``` Law Protection Which camps to go to Elections Were to hunt the following year Distribution of rations/surplus ```

Name 3 roles women did?

``` Skinned and cleaned animals Hunted small game Prepared meals gathered eggs berries roots Made clothings Taught girls ```

What was the goal of cartiers first voyage

Finding a route to Asia | Finding North America

What did elders do?

Recounting legends and mythsims | Memorize enormous history/legends

Name the 3 First Nations groups

Inuit Algonquian Iroquoian