Test 1

Question 1

what was the opening statement given regarding the discussion on scope?

Answer 1

newspaper, magazines, etc… are all universal

Question 2

radio, tv, and newspapers: how many dailies? how many weeklies?

Answer 2

more weekly than daily

Question 3

how many periodicals? how many general interest?

Answer 3

600 general interest magazines

Question 4

which is the biggest audience- AM or FM?

Answer 4

FM dominates

Question 5

how many homes in America have TV sets?

Answer 5

99%

Question 6

how many homes are wired for cable? how many for satellite? what percent?

Answer 6

66% cable and 25% satellite

Question 7

average family home watches tv for how long?

Answer 7

7 hours and 30 minutes a day

Question 8

define communication

Answer 8

communication is communicating with one or more of 5 senses; one on one conversations

Question 9

what is interpersonal communication? intrapersonal?

Answer 9

interpersonal is to a group

intrapersonal is talking to ones self

Question 10

define mass communication

Answer 10

can use media and is done in a large group like a lecture

Question 11

name the four basics elements of the communication process

Answer 11

incoder
message
channel
decoder

Question 12

define channel noise

Answer 12

static
distractions
redundancy

Question 13

define semantic noise

Answer 13

word understandings
clearly defining audience
(use simple words)

Question 14

define stored experience

Answer 14

frame of reference

Question 15

define dissonance

Answer 15

inconsistent

Question 16

the average daily newspaper is written for…

Answer 16

an 8th grade vocabulary level

Question 17

how do you measure effectiveness?

Answer 17

from audience to communicator (feedback)

Question 18

in the expanded model all communication begins with a ___?

Answer 18

source

Question 19

what is meant by “E”?

Answer 19

editing

Question 20

why is there so much criticism of news media?

Answer 20

because they are subject to loss of credibility

Question 21

who does the term “the press” apply to?

Answer 21

anyone who gathers information and transmits i️t

Question 22

what is the agenda- setting theory? what would another term be for i️t?

Answer 22

media sets your agenda

gatekeeping

Question 23

what is mean by communication research?

Answer 23

where you study characteristics of important people

Question 24

a sample of ____ can reflect the opinions of _____?

Answer 24

media

public view

Question 25

how do candidates for public office communicate with the public?

Answer 25

advertising and coverage

Question 26

how to political leaders learn what people think?

Answer 26

feedback (polls)

Question 27

do people always vote on the platforms and substance of the candidates?

Answer 27

no

Question 28

what do we mean by a trial balloon?

Answer 28

a leak of information

Question 29

define the watchdog concept

Answer 29

media should serve as a watchdog of government

Question 30

define the marketplace concept

Answer 30

every idea should be exposed

Question 31

define the gatekeeper concept

Answer 31

open gate gate for some closes for others- what is read

Question 32

would i️t be possible to have the free society we enjoy with out a free press?

Answer 32

no | not possible for free society

Question 33

how has advertising affected our standard of living?

Answer 33

stimulates free enterprise

Question 34

can public opinion influence public officials?

Answer 34

yes

Question 35

how does the media influence our habits?

Answer 35

imitators copy what we see

Question 36

define authoritarian

Answer 36

use of license

Question 37

define libertarian

Answer 37

all people have access to public express | i️ bothered by government

Question 38

define marxist

Answer 38

government owned

Question 39

define social responsibility

Answer 39

open market place of ideas | government agency to enforce

Question 40

is social responsibility controversial? why?

Answer 40

yes | media has a right to show all views

Question 41

define freedom of press

Answer 41

ability to write or say anything

Question 42

where do we get freedom of press? what does i️t say about responsibility?

Answer 42

from the 1st amendment | nothing about responsibility

Question 43

define prior restraint

Answer 43

restraint before a message can be transmitted

Question 44

what replaces licensing laws?

Answer 44

sedition laws

Question 45

did freedom to print exist from the beginning in the american colonies?

Answer 45

no | under authoritarianism

Question 46

is the 1st amendment absolute?

Answer 46

no | war and national security

Question 47

what happened in Near v. Minnesota case?

Answer 47

gag law is unconstitutional

Question 48

what was unique about the pentagon papers case?

Answer 48

first time executive branch prior restraint worked

Question 49

why do broadcasters complain the they do not enjoy the same first amendment rights as publishers?

Answer 49

federal communication commission ruled broadcasting

Question 50

what was the fairness doctrine?

Answer 50

where you have to find opposition

Question 51

what was the Red Lion decision?

Answer 51

affirmed authority to regulate broadcasting

Question 52

what is mean by “the greater the truth the greater the libel”?

Answer 52

greator libel

Question 53

what did the Zenger decision do?

Answer 53

raised the question and made criticism respectable

Question 54

what did the Alien Sedition Acts do? why were they passed?

Answer 54

it’s illegal to criticize the government

Question 55

what is the legal status of the right to report?

Answer 55

right to report is not guaranteed by the 1st amendment

Question 56

can reporters be excluded from congressional committee meetings? court sessions?

Answer 56

yes if a judge issued a gag order national security

Question 57

where is the right to report most often denied?

Answer 57

city council/ school board

Question 58

can a newspaper publish a defamatory statement made during a court trial?

Answer 58

yes and not get sued for i️t

Question 59

what is the status of open meetings and open record laws in the states?

Answer 59

most states have them | public meeting in private

Question 60

what is the purpose of the freedom of information acts?

Answer 60

peoples right to know information

Question 61

what type of protection do reporters have not to reveal sources?

Answer 61

federal court- none | state court- shield act

Question 62

can law enforcement agencies raid news rooms?

Answer 62

yes with prior notice

Question 63

can reporters attend pre-trial hearing over the objections of defendants?

Answer 63

yes

Question 64

what does libel damage?

Answer 64

damages someone’s reputation

Question 65

what does a plaintiff have to prove in a libel case?

Answer 65

identification publications defamation and faults

Question 66

what is fair comment & criticism?

Answer 66

protection of press against public issues

Question 67

who does i️t apply to? (fair commitment and criticism)

Answer 67

public officials public figures private citizens

Question 68

what did the New York Times decision do?

Answer 68

i️t created a new freedom from libel

Question 69

what does a private citizen have to prove?

Answer 69

negligence

Question 70

what was the result from the carol. ur err v national enquirer case?

Answer 70

burnett cared and won

Question 71

what was the result of the sharon v time case?

Answer 71

sharon lost because there wasn’t reckless disregard for truth

Question 72

what was the result from the westmoreland v cbs case?

Answer 72

westmoreland lost because there wasn’t reckless disregard for the truth

Question 73

who has to talk to a reporter?

Answer 73

no one

Question 74

what standard emerged from the Hill v Time Inc case in 1952?

Answer 74

times when the news overrides the right to privacy

Question 75

explain the 1973 supreme courts ruling regarding the test for pornography?

Answer 75

depending on what a contemporary community feels whether it’s seen as porn or as obscenity