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Psychology > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Psychology

A

Scientific study of behavior and mental processes

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2
Q

Mental Processes

A

anything the goes through your brain. Thoughts or hidden emotions. (Thoughts, Dreams).

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3
Q

4 Goals of Psychology

A

To describe, explain, predict, and control behavior and mental processes

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4
Q

Theory

A 
Propose reasons for relationships among events (Reasons)
Derive explanations (Why)
Make Predictions (Predict)
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5
Q

Psychological theories combine statements about _______, _________, and __________.

A

Behavior, mental processes, and biological processes

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6
Q

Hypothesis is an ______ guess

A

educated

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7
Q

Theory is a ______ educated guess

A

lengthy

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8
Q

What do psychologists do?

A

Conduct Research

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9
Q

Pure Research

A

Research that is conducted without concern for immediate application

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10
Q

Applied Research

A

Trying to apply research to a certain situation. (as soon as possible)

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11
Q

Applied Research ____ and ___

A

Practice psychology and teach

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12
Q

Aristotle

A

believed Human Behavior is subjected to rules and laws

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13
Q

Democritus

A

think of behavior as a relationship between body and mind

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14
Q

Socrates

A

Said Know Thyself

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15
Q

Psychology is a _____ science

A

Labaratory

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16
Q

Gustav Theodor Fechner wrote _____

A

“Elements of Psychophysics” in 1860

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17
Q

Gustav Theodor Fechner wanted to know what?

A

What is the relationship between a stimulus and your behavior?

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18
Q

Stimulus

A

Anything that causes a reaction

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19
Q

Wilhelm Wundt established what?

A

Established the first Psychological Laboratory in 1879

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20
Q

Wilhelm Wundt Studied What?

A

What is the relationship between a stimulus and your behavior

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21
Q

Who founded Structuralism?

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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22
Q

Structuralism breaks ______experience into objective sensations, subjective feelings, and mental images

A

Conscious

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23
Q

Belief

A

Mind functions by combining objective and subjective elements of experience

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24
Q

Structuralism is a Conscious was a stream or flow

A

Always changing, never stops
Introspection-Looking within
Behavior can be measured

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25
Q

Who founded Functionalism?

A

William James

26
Q

What did Functionalism focus on?

A

on behavior in addition to the mind or consciousness

27
Q

Functionalism Used direct observations to ___ ________

A

supplement introspection

28
Q

Functionalism in influences by ______

A

Darwin’s Theory of evolution

29
Q

______ behavior patterns are learned and maintained

A

Adaptive

30
Q

Who Founded Behaviorism?

A

John Broadus Watson

31
Q

What experiment did John Broadus Watson

use?

A

Little Albert Experiment

32
Q

Behaviorism focuses on ____________

A

learning observable behaviors

33
Q

Observable behaviors

A

Behaviors observable by specialized instruments

34
Q

B.F. Skinner Believed that learned behavior is behavior that is ______.

A

Reinforced

35
Q

Reinforcement

A

Stimulus that follows a response and increases the frequency of the response

36
Q

B.F. Skinner created the _______.

A

Skinner Box

37
Q

Gestalt Psychology was founded by?

A

Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kohler

38
Q

Gestalt Psychology focuses on ______ and its influence on thinking and problem solving

A

Perception

39
Q

_______ are more than the sum of their parts

A

Perceptions

40
Q

Gestalt Psychology believes that learning is ____ and _____

A

Active and purposeful

41
Q

Gestalt Psychology is Accomplished by _____ and not mechanical repetition

A

Insight

42
Q

Who founded Psychoanalysis?

A

Sigmund Freud

43
Q

Psychoanalysis is the theory of _____

A

Personality

44
Q

Psychoanalysis Proposes that people’s lives are influenced by _______________.

A

unconscious (FOCUS) ideas

45
Q

Psychoanalysis is Method of _______.

A

psychotherapy

46
Q

Psychoanalysis Therapy helps patients gain _____.

A

insight

47
Q

Psychoanalysis Therapy seeks socially acceptable ways to __________________.

A

express wishes and gratifying need

48
Q

Biological Perspective Seeks relationships between:

A

Brain, hormone, heredity, and evolution

Behavior and mental processes

49
Q

Charles Darwin Said that ______________

A

Most adaptive organism manages to mature and reproduce

50
Q

Cognitive Perspective-THOUGHTS

A

Looks at mental processes to understand human behavior

51
Q

Cognitive Perspective

A

Studies those things that are referred to as the mind

52
Q

Humanism

A

Stresses on human capacity for self-fulfillment, roles of consciousness, self-awareness, and decision making

53
Q

Existentialism

A

Stresses on free choice and holds people people responsible for the choices made

54
Q

Humanistic-existential perspective is bases on the works of ______ and _______.

A

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

55
Q

Psychodynamic Perspective

A

Neoanalysts

56
Q

Neoanalysts

A

Contemporary psychologists who follow theories derived from Freud

57
Q

Behaviorist View

A

Learning occurs, through learning histories, situations, and rewards and not through conscious choice

58
Q

Social-Cognitive Theorists

Suggest that:

A

People modify and create their environment

59
Q

Sociocultural perspective

A

Focuses on the influence of ethnicity gender, culture, and socioeconomic status on behavior and mental processes

60
Q

Sociocultural perspective focuses on ethnicity.

A

Members of an ethnic group share cultural heritage, race, language, or history

Psychology (5 decks)

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