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Anesthesiology > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

Anesthesia is divided into 5 main phases of “time”, what are they?

A 
Patient evaluation
Preanesthetic 
Induction
Maintenance
Recovery
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2
Q

A good general anesthetic will include what 3 important effects?

A

Hypnosis, muscle relaxation, pain relief, amnesia

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3
Q

During which phase of anesthesia is the owner talked to about the risk of anesthesia and the preanesthetic testing that might be done?

A

Patient evaluation

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4
Q

How long is food withheld before general anesthesia?

A

10-12 hours

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5
Q

What are 7 reasons for using pre-anesthetic before surgery?

A 
Calm/sedate the patient 
Muscle relaxation
Analgesia
Reduces amount of other drugs administered
Decrease salivation
Smoother induction
Smoother recovery
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6
Q

What are 5 common pre-meds used?

A

Acepromazine, Diazepam, Torbugesic, Morphine, Atropine, Rompun/Xylazine

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7
Q

What are 5 methods and or sites to check the animal’s heart rate?

A 
Stethoscope
Esophageal scope
ECG
Palpate artery 
Pulse oximeter
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8
Q

What arteries can you palpate for a heart rate?

A

femoral, tongue, facial, base of tail, pedal

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9
Q

Carbon dioxide is removed from the anesthetic system by the what?

A

soda lime

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10
Q

What are 5 guidelines for when to change the soda lime on the anesthetic machine?

A 
Any color change
If sitting for 3 months
Heat production
Granules should be soft (if not it gone bad)
Stormy recovery
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11
Q

What guideline for changing soda lime is used at NCTA?

A

color change, every 3 months, hard recovery

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12
Q

What are 2 hypo conditions that pale mucous membranes may indicate?

A

hypothermia and hypotension

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13
Q

What are 4 ways you can check the patient’s resp rate?

A

Watching chest
Watch rebreathing bag
Pulse oximeter
Flutter valves

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14
Q

The pulse oximeter provides and indirect measure of the what?

A

percentage of oxygen in blood

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15
Q

What are 4 places on the patient that a pulse oximeter might be located?

A

Tongue
Rectum
Base of tail
Ears

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16
Q

What should be done if apnea occurs after the induction anesthetic is administered?

A

Give oxygen (if not breathing for 15 seconds)

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17
Q

What are 8 ways to prevent body heat loss during anesthesia?

A 
Water blanket
Towel
Rice bags
Bubble wrap
Warm packs
Bear huggers
Warm fluids
Heated socks
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18
Q

Fluid overload can cause what?

A

drowning the lungs

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19
Q

What are 4 common IV induction agents?

A

Pentothol, Propofol, tetosol, ketamine + valium, alfaxan

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20
Q

What are 2 IM injection agents?

A

Ketamine + xylazine and ketomine

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21
Q

What are 6 indicators that a patient is deep enough to intubate include what?

A 
No palpebral reaction
No pedal reaction
Calm and sedated
Relaxed jaw
Unconscious
Tongue doesn't pull back
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22
Q

Depending on the anesthetic being used, induction anesthesia might be accomplished by which routes of administration?

A

IV, IM, Inhalation via mask or chamber

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23
Q

What are 2 most common inhalation anesthetics currently used in veterinary medicine?

A

Isoflurane and Sevoflurane

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24
Q

Isoflurane may be irritating to the trachea so should be introduced gradually, true or false?

A

true

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25
After intubation, which is done first, inflating the cuff or tying the tube?
tying the tube
26
The internal diameter of the endotracheal tube is indicted with what unit of measure?
mm
27
Should oxygen tanks be turned off at night or left on for emergency?
Turned off
28
Oxygen flow is measured in ______ or ______ per minute?
liters or cc
29
Inhalation anesthetic is converted from a liquid to a gas in the what?
vaporiser
30
What is the purpose of the one-way breathing valves on the anesthetic machine?
Keeps 02 and Ax flowing in one direction
31
The pop off valves controls?
amount of gas that enters the scavenger system
32
When the patient is connected to the breathing hoses and inhalation anesthesia is being administered, the pressure relief valve should in most cases be set in what position?
open
33
What does the oxygen flush system do?
deliver 02 to re-breathing bag with no Ax
34
A non-breathing system is often used for what sized patients?
animals under 15lbs
35
What are 3 advantages of inhalation anesthesia over most injectable anesthetics?
Controllable Safer for long Ax Spares liver and kidney
36
During recovery what are 5 things that can be done to help the animal eliminate the anesthetic and recovery sooner?
Give oxygen for 5 minutes, place animal on sternum, keep warm and comfortable, rubbing or rotate the animal every 15 minutes
37
During recovery the patient should receive straight oxygen for a minimum of how long?
5 minutes
38
When can the endotracheal tube be removed?
when the animal can swallow on its own
39
During recovery it is important to keep the patients body temperature above?
98 degrees
40
How long after the animal recovers from anesthesia should most patients be fed?
4-6 hours
41
When using nitrous oxide, at least how much of the total gas flow must be oxygen?
less than 40%
42
What are 3 reasons nitrous oxide is sometimes used as a second gas along with another inhalation anesthetic?
good analgesia good muscle relaxant good anti-anxiety
43
What is the major reason nitrous oxide is not used more often than it is?
Bad for us
44
What are 4 ways to prevent the rebreathing of Ax gases?
no leaks in the machine high oxygen flow inflated cuff flutter valves
45
When a patient is under general anesthesia, what are 5 indicators that the patient may be feeling pain?
``` increased HR increased RR reflexes coming back increased salivation feel pads of feet, sweating? ```
46
In an awake patient what are 6 indicators of pain?
whining, biting, panting, licking, looking at part of body that hurts, sitting in back of cage, shallow breathing
47
What IH anesthetic machines does NCTA have?
Narkovet, Pitman moore 970, Pitman moore 980, Matrx,Ohmeda
48
What machines at NCTA use Isoflurane?
Narkovet, Pitman moore 970, Matrx, Ohmeda
49
What machines at NCTA use Sevoflurane?
Pitman moore 980
50
Why are large oxygen tanks used?
Hold more oxygen for the same price as a small tank
51
How many psi are in a large tank of oxygen?
2200 psi
52
How many psi are in a small tank of oxygen?
2000 psi
53
How does one open the large oxygen tank?
Knob on top
54
How much pressure should run from the oxygen tank to the anesthetic machine?
50
55
How is the pressure adjusted?
wing nut/ oxygen flush
56
How does one know how much oxygen is in the oxygen tank?
pressure gauge
57
A large tank needs to be changed when the pressure drops to what?
100 psi
58
How do you determine the correct size to use?
6X title volume and round up to nearest 1,000
59
What is the purpose of the flutter valves?
keep 02 and Ax going in one direction
60
What is another name for flutter valves?
Uni-directional valves
61
What is the purpose of soda lime?
soaks up CO2
62
When do we change the soda lime at NCTA?
After 3 months or whenever changes color
63
Where is soda lime kept?
gray cupboard
64
What is the purpose of the pop-off valve?
lets excessive pressure out
65
What is another name for the pop-off valve?
pressure relief valve
66
What is the purpose of the scavenger hose?
remove waste (CO2, N)
67
The scavenger hose runs from the _________ to the ______
rebreathing bag to the charcoal canister
68
What is the purpose of the charcoal canister?
absorbs excess anesthetic
69
What is the charcoal canister not effective with?
nitrous oxide
70
What is another name for charcoal canister?
F/air, clean air
71
When should the canister be changed?
when it gets to 50g
72
What is the purpose for the pressure manometer?
patient safety, check machine for leaks, need to sigh patient
73
The pressure manometer is usually read in what?
cm of water pressure
74
When checking machine for leaks we want the manometer to stay at ______ for ________ seconds
30 cm for 30 seconds
75
When ventilating a patient the manometer should read what for a dog?
15 cm
76
When ventilating a patient the manometer should read what for a cat?
10 cm
77
What machines do no have small tank pressure gauges?
Narkovet, Pitman moore 970 and 980
78
Where are extra oxygen regulators for large tanks kept?
gray cupboard
79
Where are extra full oxygen tanks kept?
gray cupboard
80
Where are empty oxygen tanks kept?
recovery
81
How do you know a tank is empty?
it will say empty on it
82
Which machines can handle small tanks?
Pitman moore 980 and 970 and Narkovet
83
Which NCTA machines are precision vaporizers?
Pitman moore 980 and 970, Narkovet, Matrix, Ohmeda
84
Which NCTA machines is the vaporizer outside the circuit?
Pitman moore 980 and 970, Narkovet, Matrix, Ohmeda
85
What is the minimum oxygen flow needed for Pitman moore 980 and 970, Narkovet, Matrix, Ohmeda?
500 cc

Anesthesiology (4 decks)

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