Test 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Density =
A
Mass
——-
Volume
2
Q
Law of Constant Composition
A
States that pure compounds always have the same elements in the same mass proportions
3
Q
Solid
A
Fixed volume
Fixed shape
4
Q
Liquid
A
Fixed volume
No fixed shape
5
Q
Gas
A
No fixed volume
No fixed shape
6
Q
Physical change
A
The state of matter is not changed
Ex) boiling, mixture
7
Q
Chemical change
A
The state of matter changes
Ex) rust, baking
8
Q
Intensive Physical Properties
A
Don’t depend on the amount
Ex) BP, density, color
9
Q
Extensive Physical Properties
A
Depends on the amount
Ex) mass, volume, energy
10
Q
Homogeneous mixture
A
Equally mixed
11
Q
Heterogeneous mixture
A
Unequally mixed
12
Q
C -> K
A
K = C + 273.15
13
Q
Precision
A
The values are close to each other
14
Q
Accuracy
A
The mean of the values are close to the target
15
Q
Significant Figures
A
*/ least number of sig figs \+- least number of decimal places
16
Q
Kilo
A
1000
17
Q
Hecto
A
100
18
Q
Deca
A
10
19
Q
Deci
A
.1
20
Q
Centi
A
.01
21
Q
Milli
A
.001
22
Q
Micro
A
.000001
23
Q
Proton
A
+ charge
24
Q
Atomic number
A
of protons
25
Neurons
```
Neutral charge
(Mass # - Atomic #)
```
26
Isotope
Atoms with same atomic number (protons) and a different mass number (neutrons)
27
Mass number
Protons and neutrons
28
Transition Metal
Middle group
29
Inner Transition Metal
Lower group
30
Main-Group Elements
Everything but middle and bottom
31
Alkaline Metal
Group 1
32
Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 2
33
Halogens
Group 7
34
Noble Gas
Group 8
35
Covalent Bonding
2 non metals
| Sharing of electron pairs
36
Ionic Bonding
Metal and non-metal
| Attraction of oppositely charged ions
37
Rutherford’s gold foil experiment
Alpha particles hit a gold foil sheet. Most particles weren’t scattered but some were at large angles!
ATOM HAS A SMALL AND DENSE NUCLEUS.
38
Millikan oil drop experiment
Balanced the gravitational force of the negatively charged oil droplets. He determined the charge of electrons was a discrete value.
MASS TO CHARGE RATIO.
39
JJ Thompson
Discovered cathode rays and the negatively charged electron and that atoms were not indivisible.
PLUM PUDDING MODEL
40
Dalton’s Atomic Theory
Matter composed of indivisible atoms. (Proved wrong by JJ Thompson)
Elements are composed of 1 type of atom.
Compounds are composed of 2 or more elements in fixed proportions.
Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms in reacting substance.
41
Law of Multiple Proportions
When two elements combine to form more than one compound it is in the ratio of whole numbers.
42
Plum pudding model
JJ Thompson electrons spread around an atom.
43
Nuclear model
Rutherford electrons with small dense nucleus
44
Chapter 6 Equations
```
E_n = -R_H
——-
n^2
V ¥ = c
E = h v
E = h c
——
¥
```
45
Electromagnetic Radiation Properties
Wave-like
| Particle-like
46
EMR wave-like properties
Wavelength ¥
| Frequency v
47
Wavelength
¥ distance between each point in a cycle of the wave (m)
48
Frequency
V number of wavelengths that pass a point in a given time (s^-1 Hz)
49
Speed of Light
C = 3.00 * 10^8 m/s
50
Radio
Lower energy
Lower frequency
Higher wavelength
51
Gamma
Higher frequency
Higher energy
Lower wavelength
52
Planck’s constant
h= 6.63*10^-34 Js
E = nhv
Vibrations have discrete energies
53
Photoelectric effect
The ejection of electrons from the surface of metal by light.
54
Rays
Gamma-xray-ultraviolent
Visible (purple, blue, green, yellow, red)
Infared-microwave-radio
55
Rhydberg
R_H = 2.18*10^-18 J
56
Bohr model
Small positively charged nucleus surrounded by electron shells orbiting the nucleus
57
Absorption
Ground state to excited state
58
Emission
Excited state to ground state
59
De Broglie
Matter can exhibit wavelike properties
¥= h
—
mv
60
n
Principle quantum number
n= 1,2,3...
Determines the energy of electron
61
l
Angular momentum quantum number
l = n-1
Determines the shape
62
m_l
Magnetic quantum number
m_l = -l to +l
Determines orientation of orbital
63
m_s
Spin quantum number
m_s = +/- 1/2
Determines the spin
64
Paramagnetic
Unpaired electron
65
Diamagnetic
Paired electrons
66
Pauli exclusion principle
No 2 electrons can be the same
67
Building up principle
Orbitals are filled in order
| Spd
68
Hunds rule
Fill each subshell first before putting in opposite spin
69
Uncertainty principle
The momentum and position cannot be determined at the same time
70
Exceptions to Building up
D4 d9 f6 f13
