Test 1

Question 1

Unsaturated

Answer 1

A hydrocarbon that contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond

Question 2

Functional Group

Answer 2

An atom or group of atoms that give organic compounds their characteristic reactions

Question 3

Homologous series

Answer 3

A group of organic compounds that have the same functional group

Question 4

Organic chemistry

Answer 4

carbon molecules or substances

Question 5

General alkene formula

Answer 5

CnH2n

Question 6

General alkane formula

Answer 6

CnH2n+2

Question 7

Combustion of alkenes

Answer 7

• they burn with a smokier, yellow flame
• complete and incomplete combustion can occur
• releases less energy per mole in combustion than alkanes
• Alkenes are covalently bonded

Question 8

Ethene complete combustion (equation)

Answer 8

C2H4 + 3O2 -> 2CO2 + 2H20

Question 9

Incomplete combustion of alkenes

Answer 9

-Produces soot and carbon monoxide

Question 10

Addition reaction definition

Answer 10

Where you break the double bond and add something to the alkene.

Question 11

Tests (bromine water)

Answer 11

Alkane + bromine water = no reaction (orange)

Alkene + bromine water = turns colourless

Question 12

Addition reactions - hydrogen

Answer 12

• Alkenes are unsaturated so we can add more hydrogen to make them saturated
• This process is called hydrogenation
• It occurs at 60c.
• It uses a nickel catalyst
  e. g Ethene + hydrogen = Ethane

Question 13

Addition reaction - water/steam

Answer 13

Ethanol (and other alcohols can be made from the hydration of ethene and other alkenes
Hydration is the addition of water - this uses a concentrated phosphoric acid catalyst with high temperature and pressure
The reaction is reversible so ethanol breaks down into steam and ethene

Question 14

Alcohols functional group

Answer 14

Functional group = -OH

Question 15

Uses of alcohol

Answer 15

fuels, solvents, drinks, cleansing items

Question 16

Properties of alcohol

Answer 16

water solluble - dissolves in water
pH of alcohol = 7
Alcohols burn with a clear flame

Question 17

Metal and alcohol equation

Answer 17

Metal + alcohol = __oxide + hydrogen

e.g Methanol + Sodium = methoxide +hydrogen

Question 18

Ester

Answer 18

They are made from a condensation reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol
The two products that are made are water + ester

Question 19

Esters functional group

Answer 19

-COO

Question 20

Most common Ester

Answer 20

Ethyl Ethanoate

The reaction is reversible, and sulphuric acid is the catalyst

Question 21

Producing Ethanol

Answer 21

1) Fermentation of sugars
- Anaerobic process
- glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide
- The yeast provides the enzyme for fermentation
- Warm temperature between 25-30C.

2) Hydration of ethene (done before)