test 1

Question 1

epithelial cells produce antimicrobial substances, what + where

Answer 1

cryptidins- base of small intestine crypts
beta- defensins- skin
surfactants A/D- vaginal tract

Question 2

what do lysozymes do

Answer 2

break down peptidoglycan + reveval lipid bilayer= destroyed (gram +)

Question 3

order of complement path + which requires adaptive

Answer 3

alternative- lectin- classical (antibodies)

Question 4

3 goals of complement pathway

Answer 4

1- produce chemotactant factors
2- opsonize
3- create complement attack complex

Question 5

cleavage of 3a, 3b what does each do

Answer 5

3a- assists in inflammation

3b- opsonize, complement attack complex

Question 6

what on healthy cells prevents complex formation

Answer 6

CD59

Question 7

examples of fixed macrophages

Answer 7

reticular M, kupffer, perinonteal

Question 8

neutrophil: how do they kill + too much of them could indicate what?

Answer 8

Netosis: spread DNA + suicice

bacterial infection

Question 9

Eosinophil- what is the potent killer and what could it indicate if too much

Answer 9

Eosinophil peroxidase

could indicate parasitic infection

Question 10

What do NK cells target

Answer 10

malignant, virally infected, antiody coates

Question 11

types of NK cells

Answer 11

killer, healer, IFNg producer

Question 12

what 2 death inductions by NK

Answer 12

receptor- mediated: receptor ligen interaction

release of toxic granules: perforin, granzyme

Question 13

how do NK cells recognize to not kill

Answer 13

MHC- class 1 (all nucleated cells)

Question 14

peptide mediated killing how

Answer 14

defensins go through membrane via charge

Question 15

diff between PAMPs and DAMPs + example

Answer 15

PAMPs- external

DAMPS- internal- ATP, DNA

Question 16

phagocytic receptors example

Answer 16

mannose, scavenger, complement

Question 17

what are 4 PRRs recognizing DAMPs and PAMPs

Answer 17

NOD, TLRs, NLR, MBL

Question 18

how does MBL bind

Answer 18

bacteria = unique sugar arrangement, binds with correct spacing

Question 19

what do RIG-1 and MDA5 recognize

Answer 19

recognize RNA of diff lengths in cytoplasm (viral infection)

Question 20

What is MAVs, what does it do

Answer 20

signaling protein, induces production of inflammatory cytokines via NF<b></b>

Question 21

what do NOD receptors detect + what is activated

Answer 21

bacterial infections (inside cell), binding of ligand to NOD = recruitment of RIPK2 = NF<b></b>

Question 22

what do NLRs sense

Answer 22

cellular damage + non-infectious source of inflammation

Question 23

what are the 2 TLR paths, dependent on what?

Answer 23

NFkB (b)- MyD88 depend- inflamm cytokines

IRF-3 (v)- TRIF depend- Type 1 interferon

Question 24

TLR-1, TLR-2

TLR-2, TLR-6

Answer 24

lipoprotein

Question 25

TLR-3

Answer 25

double stranded RNA (V)

Question 26

TLR-4

Answer 26

LPS

Question 27

TLR-5

Answer 27

flagellin (B)

Question 28

TLR-7, TLR-8

Answer 28

single-stranded RNA (V)

Question 29

TLR-9

Answer 29

Bacteria (DNA)

Question 30

what has direct antimicrobial activity (cytokines)

Answer 30

IFN-

Question 31

what cell (T/B) requires pre-processing

Answer 31

T

Question 32

MHC- class 1, what type of T cells, path,

Answer 32

CD8 T-cells, intracellular antigen, on all nucleated cells, endogenous path

Question 33

MHC class 2

Answer 33

CD4 T cells, extracellular antigen, exogenous path, only expressed by profession APCs example dentritic cells

Question 34

what activated T cells

Answer 34

dendritic cells