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Test 1 Flashcards

Chapters 1 - Chapter 5 (76 cards)

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1
Q

database

A

a collection of related data, stored on a permanent media such as computers hard disk

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2
Q

data

A

raw facts that need to be processed and could be simple like numbers or text

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3
Q

information

A

processed and organized and presented in a useful way

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4
Q

two main categories of a database

A

traditional ones and modern ones

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5
Q

traditional database

A

data elements or fields are text or numbers

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6
Q

modern database

A

fields can be images, videos, or sound bytes

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7
Q

how can a database be stored? one way

A

as a text file

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8
Q

what does DBMS stand for?

A

Database Management System

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9
Q

what is a DBMS?

A

software that facilitates working with a database

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10
Q

If we do not use a database then what can we use?

A

we would have to store everything in text files

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11
Q

is a database self describing?

A

yes

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12
Q

define self describing

A

tables represent real objects/ things/people/etc.

data and applications are separate from each other

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13
Q

database catalog

A

file containing all definitions and constraints of a database

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14
Q

define view in a database

A

a subset of a database or table which may include some virtual data

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15
Q

concurrent user access

A

reduces average writing time for all users

someone does something while someone else is able to do something

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16
Q

perks of using a DBMS

A

centralized data storage and controlling redundancy
restricts unauthorized users from accessing
persistent storage for programming objects

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17
Q

Redundancy is bad because…

A

it makes the system more vulnerable to errors

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18
Q

model in science

A

a simplified and abstract representation of a thing

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19
Q

data model in database context

A

a representation of a mini-world in terms of its important data items and their relationships

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20
Q

data abstraction

A

removing unnecessary details and highlighting essential features to understand the data better

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21
Q

database structure

A

how the database is organized

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22
Q

high level abstraction

A

extract a lot to make it look simpler

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23
Q

low level abstraction

A

extract not enough

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24
Q

high-level is also known as

A

conceptual data models

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25
low-level is also known as
physical data models
26
conceptual data models
things like tables, objects, ER diagram, data models
27
physical data models
Binary or text files
28
database schema
this is the description of the database
29
when do you specify the database schema
during the design phase
30
What does a schema diagram look like
it has all the entities as capital letter words above columns of the things that it is in charge of
31
database state or snapshot
particular moment in time of the database, snapshot of time of the database
32
three schema architecture - what are the 3 levels?
External, Conceptual, Internal
33
external level
includes end user views, this is what ordinary people and staff see
34
conceptual level
represents databases in terms of tables and models
35
internal level
uses a physical data model and how it stored on the disk such as code
36
data independence
the capacity to change database schema in one level without having to change the higher level schemas
37
logical data independence
changing conceptual schemas without having to change external schemas
38
physical data independence
changing internal schemas without having to change conceptual schemas
39
DDL stands for what
Data Definition Language
40
What is DDL beyond the acronym?
used to define what level of schema you are on
41
DML stands for what
Data Manipulation Language
42
what is DML beyond the acronym?
used to specify database retrievals and updates
43
DBMS interfaces look like what? 2 levels
it can be code like in a command line or you can have a user friendly interface
44
data dictionary
file similar to the catalog file but is for humans and can include comments and descriptions of the data so think of dictionary as the thing that humans use to figure out what things mean
45
client server architecture - 2 parts
client and server
46
client
this is the user or the person using the database such as an employer
47
server
this is the machine that controls the database and keeps it up for the clients and users to connect to
48
parametric users
users that have a few extra commands to interact with the database like cashiers or other people
49
privileged commands
commands that change what the table looks like or changes the data types, etc.
50
compiler
a package or software that converts the human readable code to computer understood code
51
query optimizer
rearrange operations and remove redundancies
52
pre-compiler
separates things that need to go to the compiler and things that don't
53
canned transactions
transactions that are setup to fail to test the database and everything with it
54
runtime database processor
runs transactions on database at the runtime
55
stored data manager
manages buffers and reading and writing on the disk
56
what do you use to attach your java file to the server for the database?
a connector java file
57
design vs implementation
design is how you make it and implementation of the database is how you put what you conceptually thought into action
58
What does an entity have?
attributes
59
how are entities represented?
rectangles
60
how are attributes represented?
ovals
61
multi valued attributes
can have multiple values such as your phone number while your ssn is not multi valued it is a key attribute
62
key attribute
something like your SSN that is completely unique to that one thing
63
relationships, how are they represented?
with diamonds that are verbs
64
define cardinality ration
used with relationships to show how much of each thing you have
65
3 types of cardinality ratios:
one to one, one to many, and many to many
66
total participation of a relationship
means "must"
67
derived attribute is represented by what shape
dotted oval
68
what is a derived attribute?
something you don't really need to store but can be retrieved via query
69
how is a weak entity represented?
double rectangle
70
define weak entity
an entity which does not have a key attribute of its own such as SSN
71
(min, max) notation, what is it?
shows the change when you are going a different direction
72
what is a relation? page 26
a relation is a subset of cartesian products of some set
73
relational models (RM)
represents all data in form of tuples
74
what does a RM look like?
a table
75
How do you convert an ER to an RM????
follow the steps wrote down in the notes and that are highlighted at the top of that section saved as a word document on my laptop
76
minimal means irreducible, it does not mean smallest.
minimal means irreducible, it does not mean smallest.

Database (1 decks)

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