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PSYCH 111 - BYU Jones > Test 1 > Flashcards

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Test 1 review material (60 cards)

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1
Q

Wundt

A

(1870s) Founding father of modern psychology, first lab, textbooks, classes.

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2
Q

Titchener

A

Student of Wundt, brought America: Structuralism - Description of the elements of conscious experience (thoughts).

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3
Q

James

A

Functionalism - Description of the utility of consciousness (mind vs surroundings).

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4
Q

Washburn

A

First female Phd.

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5
Q

Sumner

A

First African-american Phd.

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6
Q

Watson, Skinner, Pavlov

A

Behaviorism - Study of behavior.

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7
Q

Werteimer

A

Gestalt Psychology - Study of the unity of experience (looking at the whole).

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8
Q

Freud

A

Psychoanalysis - Relationship of physical stimuli and the perception of those stimuli.

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9
Q

Popper

A

Falsifiable hypothesis needed to progress knowledge.

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10
Q

Type I error

A

Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true (false positive).

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11
Q

Type II error

A

Accepting the null hypothesis when it is false (false negative).

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12
Q

Null hypopthesis

A

No relationship between variables.

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13
Q

Sources of information

A

Traditional, anecdotal, intuition, authority, empiricism, reason.

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14
Q

Good experiment qualities

A

Random assignment, no experiment bias/effect, double-blind.

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15
Q

Correlation coefficient

A

Defines relationship between variables (confidence interval).

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16
Q

Case studies vs qualitative studies

A

Studies on the individual vs studies without numerical data.

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17
Q

Exact replication

A

Copying an earlier study exactly to see if the results are consistent. Similar results = accurate findings.

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18
Q

Conceptual replication

A

Copying an earlier study (w/ dif methods) to see if the results can be generalized. Similar findings = findings can be generalized.

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19
Q

Percentage of studies that can be replicated

A

36%

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20
Q

Priming

A

Exposing people to stimulus that makes certain thoughts/feelings/behaviors more noticeable/prominent.

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21
Q

Replication crisis

A

Type I errors, false positives.

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22
Q

4 main objectives of science

A

Describe, explain, predict, explain, control.

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23
Q

Scientific approach

A

1) Perceive the Question, 2) Form a Hypothesis, 3) Test the Hypothesis, 4) Draw Conclusions, 5) Report Results.

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24
Q

Twin studies

A

Comparison of the similarity of identical (monozygotic) and fraternal (dizygotic) twins.

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25
Adoption studies
Comparison of adopted children to their adoptive and biological parents.
26
Heritability coefficient
Measures how strongly differences among individuals for a trait are related to differences among their genes.
27
Ethics
Informed consent, confidentiality, privacy, benefits, deception.
28
Experimenter effect
When the experimenter's expectations unintentionally influence the result.
29
Dendrite
Neuron part that extends away from the cell body; main input of the neuron.
30
Axon
Neuron part that extends off the soma, splitting to connect with other neurons; main output of the neuron.
31
Soma
Neuron cell body that contains the nucleus, genetic information, and directs protein synthesis.
32
Myelin sheath
Fatty tissue that insulates axons for conduction of electrical impulses among neurons.
33
Synapse
Junction between the presynaptic terminal button of one neuron and the dendrite/axon/ or soma of another postsynaptic neuron.
34
Synaptic gap
Space between the presynaptic terminal button of one neuron and the dendrite/axon/ or soma of another postsynaptic neuron.
35
Brain stem
Trunk of the brain.
36
Corpus callosum
Bundle of nerve cells that connect the hemispheres of the brain for communication (split brain patient has this severed)
37
Cerebrum
Cerebral cortex containing the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes.
38
Frontal lobe
Responsible for motor output, planning, language, judgement, decision-making.
39
Broca's area
Frontal lobe area of left hemisphere used in language production.
40
Parietal lobe
Responsible for sensations, visual attention, integrating the senses.
41
Occipital lobe
Responsible for vision.
42
Temporal lobe
Responsible for vision, auditory processing, memory, and integrating vision and audition.
43
Hindbrain
Medulla, pons, cerebellum.
44
Medulla
Responsible for life sustaining functions.
45
Pons
Responsible for sleeping, dreaming, left/right coordination, arousal, attention.
46
Cerebellum
Responsible for involuntary, rapid, and fine motor movements.
47
Limbic system
Responsible for emotions/aversion/gratification (thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate cortex).
48
Thalamus
Responsible for senses.
49
Hypothalamus
Responsible for motivational behavior.
50
Hippocampus
Responsible for long-term and short-term memory.
51
Amygdala
Responsible for fear
52
Cingulate cortex
Emotional/cognitive processes.
53
Peripheral Nervous System
All nerve cells that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body.
54
Somatic nervous system
Responsible for processing sensory information and controls voluntary muscle movement.
55
Autonomic nervous system
Responsible for heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, urination, and sexual arousal (contains the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems).
56
Sympathetic nervous system
Responsible for fight-flight response.
57
Parasympathetic nervous system
Responsible for rest-digest mode of the body.
58
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging - fMRI
Infers brain activity by measuring changes of O2 levels in the blood.
59
Diffuse Optical Imaging - DOI
Infers brain activity by measuring changes in light as it passes through the skull and surface of the brain.
60
Electroenecephalography - EEG
Measures electrical brain activity via electrodes on the scalp.

PSYCH 111 - BYU Jones (1 decks)

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