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General Biology One > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Bonding capacity of an atom

A

Valence

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2
Q

An atom’s attraction for the electrons in a covalent bond

A

Electronegativity

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3
Q

Bond where two atoms share a pair of valence electrons

A

Covalent bond

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4
Q

The atoms share the electrons equally

A

Nonpolar covalent bond

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5
Q

Atoms do not share the electrons equally

A

Polar covalent bond

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6
Q

Attractions between an anion and a cation

A

Ionic bond

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7
Q

A charged atom or molecule

A

Ion

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8
Q

A positively charged ion

A

Cation

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9
Q

A negatively charged ion

A

Anion

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10
Q

Compounds formed by ionic bonds

A

Ionic compound

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11
Q

When a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom

A

Hydrogen bond

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12
Q

Attractions between molecules that are close together as a result of electrons accumulated in certain part of a molecule

A

Can der Waals interactions

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13
Q

The making and breaking of chemical bonds

A

Chemical reactions

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14
Q

Starting molecule in a chemical reaction

A

Reactant

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15
Q

Final molecule in a chemical reaction

A

Product

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16
Q

The average kinetic energy of the molecule in a body of matter

A

Temperature

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17
Q

The energy of motion

A

Kinetic energy

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18
Q

Random motion of atoms or molecules

A

Thermal energy

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19
Q

When the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate

A

Chemical equilibrium

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20
Q

Thermal energy in transfer from one body of matter to another

A

Heat

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21
Q

Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1°C

A

Calorie

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22
Q

Amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1g of a substance to change its temperature by 1°C

A

Specific heat

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23
Q

The heat a liquid must absorb for 1g to be converted to gas

A

Heat of vaporization

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24
Q

Results from arrangement and interaction of parts within a system

A

Emergent property

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25
Way of organizing life forms
Taxa
26
An experimental group is compared with a control group
Controlled experiment
27
Manipulated variable
Independent variable
28
Affected variable
Dependent variable
29
General premise to make specific prediction
Deductive reasoning
30
Repeating specific observations to lead to important generalizations
Inductive reasoning
31
Anything that takes up space and has mass
Matter
32
A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions
Element
33
A substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio made of different elements
Compound
34
Consists of two or more elements in a fixed ratio
Molecule
35
The capacity to cause charge
Energy
36
Energy that matter has because if it’s location or structure
Potential energy
37
An electron’s state of potential energy is called its energy level
Electron shell
38
Electrons found in the outermost shell, or valence shell
Valence electrons
39
Three-dimensional space when an electron is found 90% of the time
Electron orbitals
40
Number of protons in nucleus
Atomic number
41
The atom’s total mass, can be approximated by the mass number
Atomic mass
42
The sum of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus
Mass number
43
Unit of measurement used to measure neutron mass and proton mass
Dalton
44
Two atoms of an element that differ in number of neutrons
Isotopes
45
Decay spontaneously giving off particles and energy
Radioactive isotope
46
A parent isotope decayed into its daughter isotope at a fixed rate
Half life
47
Interactions that result in atoms staying close together, held by attraction
Chemical bonds
48
As a liquid evaporates, it’s remaining survive cools
Evaporative cooling
49
A liquid that is a completely homogenous mixture of substances
Solution
50
The dissolving agent of a solution
Solvent
51
The substance that is dissolved
Solute
52
Water is the solvent
Aqueous solution
53
Sphere of water surrounding an ionic compound dissolved in water
Hydration shell
54
Substance is one that has an affinity for water
Hydrophilic
55
Substance is one that does not have an affinity for water
Hydrophobic
56
Sum of all masses in a molecule
Molecular mass
57
The number of moles of solute per liter of solution
Molarity
58
Hydrogen bonds collectively hold water molecules together
Cohesion
59
An attraction between different substances for example, between water and plant cell walls
Adhesion
60
A measure of how difficult it is to break the surface of a liquid
Surface tension
61
A substance that increases the H+ concentration of a solution
Acid
62
A substance that reduces the H+ concentration of a solution (OH higher)
Base
63
Negative logarithm of the H+ concentration
PH
64
Substances that minimize charges in concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution
Buffers
65
The study of compounds that contain carbon, regardless of origin
Organic chemistry
66
Organic molecules consisting of only carbons and hydrogen
Hydrocarbons
67
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties
Isomers
68
Components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions
Functional groups
69
Two monomers bond together through loss of water molecules
Dehydration reaction
70
Two monomers separate through gaining of water molecules
Hydrolysis
71
Sugars and the polymers of sugars
Carbohydrates
72
has The maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and no double bonds
Saturated fat
73
Has one or more double bond
Unsaturated fat
74
Two fatty acids and a phosphate group are attached to glycerol
Phospholipid
75
A type of steroid, and is a component in animal cells, membranes and a precursor from which other steroids are synthesized
Cholesterol

General Biology One (4 decks)

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