Test 1

Question 1

Deoxyribose

Answer 1

A 5 carbon sugar, the sugar in DNA

Question 2

Nucleotide

Answer 2

An individual repeating unit of DNA, consists of phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogen base

Question 3

Base Pair

Answer 3

A unit with 2 nucleases bound to each other by weak hydrogen bonds

Question 4

Antiparallel

Answer 4

Parallel, but moving in opposite directions

Question 5

Polynucleotide

Answer 5

Nucleotides linked up

Question 6

Enzyme

Answer 6

A catalyst for biochemical reactions

Question 7

RNA

Answer 7

Ribonucleic acid, a half copy of DNA

Question 8

RNA Polymerase

Answer 8

Used to add new RNA nucleotides to make RNA. It synthesizes RNA by following a strand of DNA. It is responsible for copying DNA into RNA during transcription

Question 9

MRNA

Answer 9

Messenger RNA. It carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm for translation

Question 10

Ribosome

Answer 10

The organelles at which proteins are synthesized, made of RNA

Question 11

Codon

Answer 11

Sequence of 3 bases on a strand of mRNA that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid.
(3 nitrogen bases = 1 codon) (1 codon = 1 amino acid).

Question 12

Anticodon

Answer 12

A sequence of 3 bases that are complementary to a codon. They are on tRNA

Question 13

tRNA

Answer 13

Brings amino acids to the ribosome in the correct order.

Question 14

Amino Acids

Answer 14

The building blocks of protein

Question 15

Allele

Answer 15

Alternative form of a gene

Question 16

Mutation

Answer 16

Changes to DNA

Question 17

1st phase of mitosis

Answer 17

Interphase. During interphase cellular organelles double in number, DNA is replicated, and protein synthesis occurs. The chromosomes are not visible and DNA occurs as uncoiled chromatin.

Question 18

2nd phase of mitosis

Answer 18

Prophase. During prophase, the chromatids condense to form chromosomes that can be easier seen and the nuclear membrane disappears.

Question 19

3rd phase of mitosis

Answer 19

Metaphase. In metaphase, the chromosomes produce mitotic spindle fibers, which line the chromosomes up in the center of the cell.

Question 20

4th phase of mitosis

Answer 20

Anaphase. In anaphase the spindle fibers pull the chromosome apart to opposite sides of the cell

Question 21

5th phase of mitosis

Answer 21

Telophase. During telophase the spindle fibers disappear and a nuclear membrane from around each new set of chromosomes which decondense and are no longer easily seen

Question 22

6th phase of mitosis

Answer 22

Cytokinesis. In cytokinesis mitosis is completed by dividing the cytoplasm in half to from 2 new identical cells.

Question 23

Spindle Fibers

Answer 23

Form during cell division to separate sister chromatids between daughter cells.

Question 24

Chromatids

Answer 24

A chromosome that has been newly copied or the copy of a chromosome

Question 25

Gene

Answer 25

A stretch of DNA that codes for something