Test 1

Question 1

Indications of an os odontoidium

Answer 1

Convex tubercle

Question 2

Tendinosis

Answer 2

Intra-tendon degeneration

Question 3

Pain below the knee indicative of what?

Answer 3

Disc lesion with NR irritation

Question 4

Patients with disc lesions often haev what history

Answer 4

History of recurrent back pain without leg pain

Question 5

Young patient vs old patient difficulties and disc lesion

Answer 5

Young: hard time sitting and easier to stand or walk

Older: hard time walking or standing because compressive

Question 6

MC disc lesions

Answer 6

L4 and L5

Question 7

Weakness of dorsiflexion of great toe-NR/disc?

Answer 7

L5 NR

L4 disc

Question 8

Achilles reflex

Answer 8

S1 NR

Question 9

Weak plantar flexion-NR/disc?

Answer 9

S1 NR

L5 disc

Question 10

SLR positive for NR/disc when reproduction below?

Answer 10

45 degrees

Question 11

L5 disc lesion affects ____ NR. + _____ pathological reflex

Answer 11

S1

Achilles

Question 12

Sensory deficit in posterior lateral leg and lateral foot

Answer 12

S1 NR

L5 disc

Question 13

Weak plantar flexion

Answer 13

L5 disc

S1 NR

Question 14

Difficult toe walking

Answer 14

L5 disc

S1NR

Question 15

L4 disc lesion affects what

Answer 15

L5 NR

Question 16

Sensory deficit in anterior lateral lower leg and top of foot

Answer 16

L4 disc

L5 NR

Question 17

Weak dorsiflexion

Answer 17

L4 disc

L5 NR

Question 18

Patellar reflex

Answer 18

L4 NR

Question 19

Facet syndrome pain area

Answer 19

LBP with hip/butt pain above knee

Pain is localized with kemps
And not below the knee with SLR

Question 20

What is the Hadley S curve used for?

Answer 20

Facet syndrome lumbar

Question 21

Canal stenosis complaint

Answer 21

Onset of leg pain with walking and better with rest. Flexed position better

Multilevel findings

Question 22

Diffuse arm symptoms including numbness and tingling

Answer 22

TOS

Question 23

Tests for TOS

Answer 23

Adsons (toward)
Halstead (look away)
Wrights (pec minor)
Functional test: Roos

Question 24

MC area for facet referred pain

Answer 24

Down outer arm to the hand

C5-7 joints

Question 25

Reasons for large ADI

Answer 25

``` Atlantodental instability Inflammatory arthropathy Ed (sero-/+) Downs So odontoidium A genesis of posterior arch Occipitalization Normal variant ```

Question 26

Radiographic features of a severe sprain

Answer 26

Widening of interspinous distance Loss of parallelism between facet joints Horizontal displacement more than 3.5mm Angular displacement more than 11 degrees

Question 27

Hoffman sign

Answer 27

“Finger flick” patients middle finger + flexion of fingers and adduction of thumb UMNL

Question 28

Sharp pain on motion

Answer 28

Joint

Question 29

Deep burning and dull pain

Answer 29

Bone/ligament

Question 30

Amoss sign

Answer 30

IVD AS Thoracic subluxation

Question 31

A sense of superficial abdominal reflexes in patients with scoliosis has been suggested as an indicator of what

Answer 31

Syringomyelia

Question 32

Unilateral absence of superficial abdonimal reflexes may be in an indicator of what

Answer 32

Corticospinal tract lesion

Question 33

Epigastric reflect

Answer 33

T5-7

Question 34

Upper abdominal reflex

Answer 34

T7-9

Question 35

Middle abdominal reflex

Answer 35

T9-11

Question 36

Lower abdominal reflex

Answer 36

T11-12

Question 37

Missing pedicle DDX?

Answer 37

``` Congential Destructive 1. Bone tumor (lytic mets/primary) 2. ST tumor 3. Infection Surgical ```

Question 38

Red flags for LBP

Answer 38

``` Trauma Infection Saddle anesthesia Immunosuppression Pain worse at night Progressive neurological complaints Bladder dysfunction CA Weight loss ```

Question 39

What tests traction L2-L4 (femoral)

Answer 39

Nachla Ely Femoral Nerve traction test

Question 40

What orthopedic exams would cause nerve traction that you would perform in cases of radiating posterior buttock pain

Answer 40

``` Slumps (SOL) SLR/WLF Bechterew’s (seated SLR) (disc/NR) Lindner’s (chin to chest-pain in LB/sciatic=NR) Laseque’s (NR) ```

Question 41

Orthopedic exams that cause nerve traction that would be utilized in cases of radiating anterior buttock pain

Answer 41

Femoral nerve traction test Nachlas Elys

Question 42

Canal stenosis patient presentation

Answer 42

Bilateral buttock pain Forward flexed position LBP Limited extension

Question 43

Kemps test

Answer 43

Patient lateral flexed away Flexed forward and laterally toward doctor Extension with compression of the shoulder on the side being tested Local pain convex: capsulitis Local pain concave: facet Radiating leg pain: disc

Question 44

When do lumbar facet syndromes present with nerve traction signs

Answer 44

With extensive DDD only

Question 45

What are 3 common sites for compression relating to TOS

Answer 45

Scalene triangle Costoclavicular Pec minor hypertrophy

Question 46

Brachial plexus stinger

Answer 46

Multi dermatomal radiating pain Mechanism: cervical lateral flexion opposite direction of shoulder

Question 47

What tests would you to for brachial plexus injuries

Answer 47

brachial plexus TT Bakody Bikele

Question 48

Signs of cervical stinger

Answer 48

Cervical spine pain with bilateral radiating arm pain

Question 49

What tests would you to for meningitis

Answer 49

Brudinski | Kernig

Question 50

foraminal compression test

Answer 50

IVF encroachment If also radiculopathy pain—indicates causing pressure on NR Pressure down with head rotated

Question 51

Jackson compression test

Answer 51

Pressure on head when laterally flexed IVF encroachment confirmation (after foraminal compression)

Question 52

Max. Foraminal compression

Answer 52

Laterally flex, rotate and extend adn then doc puts pressure Pain on side being tested: radiating: IVF encroachment. Local: facet Opposite: muscle stretch

Question 53

Cervical canal stenosis

Answer 53

Less than 13 mm

Question 54

Lumbar canal stenosis

Answer 54

12 mm relative | 10 absolute

Question 55

Modic type two

Answer 55

Fatty infiltrate Bright and bright

Question 56

Cause of isthmic/spondylolytic spondylolisthesis and where MC

Answer 56

L5 | Stress fracture of the pars

Question 57

Where is degenerative spondylolisthesis MC

Answer 57

L4

Question 58

If AA is larger than ___ send out for ultrasound

Answer 58

3.5cm