Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Research Methods > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

People can have at least two kinds of authority: authority based on ________ and authority based on ________.

a) evidence;research
b) research;knowledge
c) position; knowledge
d) knowledge;evidence

A

c). position; knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Knowledge is a product of ________.

a) science
b) socialprocesses
c) research proposals
d) authority

A

b) social processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Knowledge is both a product and the property of ________.

a) individuals
b) authority
c) social groups
d) science

A

c) social groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The most common way by which we get answers to our questions is to consult ________.

a) researchproposals
b) stories
c) scientific evidence
d) authorities

A

d) authorities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

To evaluate the opinions of authorities, we review their ________.

a) proposal
b) research
c) knowledge
d) principles

A

b) research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The production of knowledge usually begins ________.

a) when the public, governments, or some group of experts realize that the state of knowledge in some area is no longer adequate
b) after funding bodies, corporations, and universities have received relevant research proposals indicating where knowledge is lacking
c) once research findings are communicated and endorsed by professional organizations
d) once research findings begin to be applied

A

a) when the public, governments, or some group of experts realize that the state of
knowledge in some area is no longer adequate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Before we make informed inquiries and judgements of authorities, we must first understand ________.

a) the influence of personal experiences
b) the research process
c) their academic background
d) All of the above

A

b) the. research process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

________ is most useful for answering questions about how the social, biological, or physical world operates.

a) Authority derived from experience
b) Authority derived from position
c) Authority derived from popularity
d) Authority derived from knowledge

A

d) authority derived from knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When we are looking for an answer to a question or problem from a person with authority, the essential guideline we should be concerned with is that the authority has ________.

a) expertise in the area
b) widespread and popular appeal
c) a strong opinion
d) power over others

A

a) expertise in the area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

According to the authors, a problem that will usually arise when consulting two or more recognized authorities in the same field about an answer to some social problem is that ________.

a) they might both agree about what the. answer is
b) they might both disagree about what the answer is
c) they might have no idea whatsoever about what the answer is
d) they might seek the advice. of other authority figures

A

b) they might both disagree about what the answer is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The research process is guided by rules and principles for making confident statements about ________ of the world based on our ________.

a) observations; knowledge
b) knowledge; opinions
c) knowledge; methods
d) knowledge; observations

A

d) knowledge; observations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When making informed inquiries and judgments of authorities, the following question is not relevant: ________.

a) Did the authority receive adequate funding to carry out the research project?
b) Have all stages of the research been conducted properly?
c) Does the authority’s research address the relevant aspects of the question?
d) Has the authority made a valid interpretation of the research findings?

A

a) Did the authority receive adequate funding to carry out the research project?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In regards to the research process, corporations need to ______.

a) have an idea of public preferences for products or services
b) know what it is like to live under certain conditions
c) assess the validity of theories that have consequences for the way they practice
d) know the effects of their policies

A

a) have an idea of public preferences for products or services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When a researcher’s findings are controversial, the best way for the researcher to settle the matter is to appeal to their ________.

a) expertise
b) authoritystatus
c) evidence
d) socialposition

A

c) evidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

________ can be defined as “description of the state or operation of some aspect of the universe upon which people or groups are prepared to act.”

a) A research question
b) Atheory
c) Research
d) Knowledge

A

d) knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

According to the authors, our way of evaluating, accepting and discrediting information is based on our ________.

a) age
b) social standing
c) culture
d) friends

A

c) culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When determining the credibility of internet sources, the authors suggest the following tips except for the following: ________.

a) Use data from reputable organizations
b) Corroborate data with other sources
c) Look for sources/references on the webpage
d) Use any website that supports your argument

A

d) use any website that supports your argument

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

According to the authors, ________ are not reputable sources.

a) companies
b) universities
c) social media websites
d) academics

A

c) social media websites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The authors argue that culture influences ________.

a) the way we see
b) who we interact with
c) how we learn
d) All of the above

A

d) all of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Professionals such as doctors need to assess the ________ of theories that have consequences for the way they practise.

a) validity
b) reliability
c) dates
d) generalization

A

a) validity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The following statements best describes the role of scientific inquiry in the research process: ________.
a) Science produces widely accepted descriptions of the universe
b) Science collects, weighs, and evaluates empirical evidence in order to accept or
refute a theory
c) Science is used for gathering and evaluating qualitative data
d) Science is used for gathering and evaluating quantitative data

A

a) Science produces widely accepted descriptions of the universe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

If you decide on a ________ approach for your research topic, you will select varia- bles and find measures for the topic prior to gathering evidence.

a) qualitative
b) quantitative
c) scientific
d) qualitative or quantitative

A

b) quantitative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

________ collects and analyzes evidence in such a way that others looking at the same evidence in the same way would draw the same conclusions.

a) Qualitative research
b) Scientific research
c) Quantitative research
d) Empirical research

A

b) scientific research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Design and devise measures for variables are selected in ________ of the research process.

a) Phase 1
b) Phase 2
c) Phase 3
d) Phase 4

A

a) phase 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A research question is usually ________.

a) a general question
b) a small fragment of a larger question
c) determined by the research methodology
d) biased in its first stages

A

b) a small fragment of a larger question

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The researcher relates the collected data to the research question and then draws conclusions in ________.

a) Phase. 1
b) Phase 2
c) Phase 3
d) Phase 4

A

c) phase 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Miguel has just completed in-depth interviews with a small group of young men and women about the kinds of concerns they have about finding jobs after complet- ing their university degrees. He now begins the process of poring over the interview data for the purpose of identifying themes. Miguel’s research project is an example
of ________ research involving ________ of the research process
a) quantitative; Phase3
b) quantitative; Phase3
c) qualitative; Phase 2
d) qualitative; Phase3

A

d) qualitative; phase 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Phase 3 of the research process is ________.

a) research design selection
b) relate data to the research question
c) data collection
d) analysis and interpretation

A

d) analysis and interpretation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The result of the research process is ________.

a) evidence
b) data
c) theory
d) knowledge

A

d) knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The goal of ________ is to produce a widely acceptable description of the nature or operation of some aspect of the universe.

a) research
b) science
c) research design
d) theory

A

b) science

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Empirical research is most capable of answering questions ________.

a) involving sensory data
b) about the meaning of life
c) about the existence of God
d) about whether some action is right or wrong

A

a) involving sensory data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

When constructing a researchable question, the question must ________.
a) be constructed in such a way as to capture the most information about the re-
search topic as possible
b) be narrow and very specific
c) be asked in such a way as to include a wide range of social phenomena
d) must incorporate “global” issues.

A

b) be narrow and very specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

________ data can be seen, heard, touched, recorded, measured, and counted.

a) Qualitative
b) Scientific
c) Sensory
d) Sample

A

c) sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Step 2 of Phase 1 of the research process is to ________.

a) selectasample
b) select, narrow, and formulate the question to be studied
c) select a research design
d) set up tables for analysis

A

c) select a research design

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Discipline in research requires that the researcher remain as objective as possible when asking questions and reporting findings. The benefit of objectivity in the re- search process is that it ________.

a) increases the accuracy of the results
b) reduces the chances that the researcher has overgeneralized the findings
c) safeguards against asking non-empirical research topic questions
d) reduces biased results

A

d) reduces biased results

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The purpose of a theory is to ________.

a) make as many guesses as possible about the way things are
b) link the research question to the research findings
c) show how things relate to each other
d) transform abstract ideas of how things work into empirical research questions

A

c) show how things relate to each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

In qualitative research, a sample is selected

a) to represent the larger population
b) to represent dimensions of interest of the research
c) by random sampling procedures
d) on a case-by-case basis as qualitative research rarely uses samples

A

a) to represent the larger population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

While theories are ________, data are ________.

a) abstract; concrete
b) measures; records
c) concrete; abstract
d) direct observations; abstract mental images

A

a) abstract; concrete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

The methodology of a research study is determined by ________.

a) the nature of the research question
b) the sample you choose
c) scientific or empirical research
d) the results of your study

A

a) the nature of the research question

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Qualitative research is used ________.

a) to understand non-numberical information
b) to address questions of how or why things happen
c) to provide a holistic overview of an experience
d) All of the above

A

b) to address questions of how or why things happen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Quantitative research ________.

a) looks for deeper meaning
b) soes not describe phenomenon
c) uses numbers, formulas, and statistics
d) chooses not to make predictions or inferences

A

c) uses numbers, formulas, and statistics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

(T OR F) Science can be defined as a discipline that collects, weighs, and evaluates the empiri- cal evidence for accepting a particular theory or explanation.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

(T OR F) The results of research may be used to develop remedies for problems or strategies for projects, but they are not able to develop plans for action.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

(T OR F) While qualitative and quantitative research designs both follow the essential first steps in Phase 1, there are differences in the way they do.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

(T OR F) The process of data collection involves a researcher relating the evidence to the re- search question.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

(T OR F) If you choose to take a qualitative approach, you will select variables and find measures for them before you gather evidence.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

(T OR F) In qualitative research, situations or people are selected as samples to represent di- mensions of interest to the researcher.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

(T OR F) In Phase 1 of the research process, step 2 requires the researcher to focus, clarify, and narrow the research problem.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

(T OR F) The researcher collects evidence about the research question in Phase 3 of the re- search process.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

(T OR F) Measures for the variables are selected in Phase 1 of the research process.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

(T OR F) Drawing conclusions and writing the report often take more time than data collection.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

(T OR F) Data collection often takes the least amount of time, especially in quantitative research.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

(T OR F) Analysis and interpretation of data means relating the data collected to the research question and drawing conclusions.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

(T OR F) The researcher makes suggestions for further research in Phase 3 of the research process.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

(T OR F) A researchable question is usually a small fragment of a larger question.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

(T OR F) Researchable questions are not limited in scope to certain times, places, and conditions.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

(T OR F) Empirical research can only be quantitative.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

(T OR F) Questions about morals are not answerable by empirical research.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

(T OR F) Empirical research can deal with only the observable, measurable aspects of the questions we want to answer.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

(T OR F) While accuracy and honesty are important to the research process, they do not affect the realibity.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

(T OR F) Recordkeeping safeguards the realibility of the research process.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

________ are good starting points for research projects.

a) Important family decisions
b) Observations
c) News reports
d) All of the above

A

d) all of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

At the ________ phase, a review of the literature can help define central variables.

a) data analysis
b) limitations of research
c) conceptualization
d) analysis and interpretation

A

c) conceptualization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

According to the text, it is important to return to your literature review after the data have been collected and analyzed in order to ________.

a) make certain that your findings do not contradict the findings of previous research
b) compare your findings to existing research
c) determine whether or not a more extensive literature review is required
d) correct the mistakes that previous researchers may have made

A

b) compare your findings to existing research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

In order to produce a clear statement of the problem to. be studied, the research statement must explicitly identify the ________ on which the researcher wants to focus.

a) theories
b) research methods
c) issues
d) data

A

c) issues

66
Q

When it comes to “unpacking” a problem, the following question is the least relevant: ________

a) How long will it take to conduct the research?
b) What are the major concepts?
c) What is happening here?
d) Why is this so?

A

a) How long will it take to conduct the research?

67
Q

Researchable questions come in two different forms: ________.

a) concept and hypothesis
b) concept and research objective
c) hypothesis and research objective
d) research objective and research problem

A

c) hypothesis and research

68
Q

Concepts are ________.

a) the basic building blocks of a hypothesis
b) ideas that stands for something
c) classifications of things
d) descriptions of. our world and our experience

A

b) ideas that stands for something

69
Q

Focusing and diagramming hypotheses helps to clarify ________.

a) the data
b) theories
c) research objectives
d) various categories of the variable

A

b) theories

70
Q

the key feature of a ________ is that it asserts that two concepts are related in a specific way.

a) literature review
b) variable
c) research problem
d) hypothesis

A

d) hypothesis

71
Q

The relationship between the concepts cannot be described as positive or negative if the ________ is a categorical concept.

a) dependent concept
b) independent concept
c) neutral concept
d) nominal concept

A

b) independent concept

72
Q

When more of one concept leads to less of the other and vice versa, the relationship between the concepts is a ________ one.

a) negative
b) positive
c) neutral
d) categorical

A

a) negative

73
Q

The relationship between the concepts cannot be described as positive or negative if the ________ is a categorical concept.

a) dependent concept
b) independent concept
c) neutral concept
d) nominal concept

A

d) nominal concept

74
Q

The concept that is acted upon, produced, or “caused” by another concept is called the ________.

a) dependent concept
b) independent concept
c) categorical concept
d) causal concept

A

a) dependent concept

75
Q

When the goal of research is descriptive rather than ________, a statement of an objective can serve to guide the research.

a) qualitative
b) exploratory
c) explanatory
d) none of the above

A

c) explanatory

76
Q

A research objective is the preferred guide to research when a researcher’s aim is to ________ what is, rather than to ________ what is.

a) test for; describe
b) explore; describe
c) hypothesize; explain
d) describe; test for

A

d) describe; test for

77
Q

A positive relationship between two concepts can be diagrammed in such a way that the ________ concept is represented as the one to which the arrow points.

a) independent
b) dependent
c) categorical
d) casual

A

b) dependent

78
Q

________ are categories into which ideas, impressions, and observations of the world can be placed.

a) Concepts
b) Variables
c) Hypotheses
d) Research objectives

A

a) Concepts

79
Q

A research objective is the preferred guide to research when a researcher’s aim is to ________ what is, rather than to ________ what is.

a) test for; describe
b) explore; describe
c) hypothesize; explain
d) describe; test for

A

c) hypothesize; explain

d) describe; test for

80
Q

A variable ________.
a) is something that remains constant
b) is a type of concept that varies in amount or quality
c) represents a concrete concept.
d) is something that can be measured but is not something that can usually be
observed

A

b) is a type of concept that varies in amount or quality

81
Q

A research objective ________.

a) often leads to ambiguous results
b) states the goal of a study intended to describe
c) is developed to guide research intended to test an explanation
d) All of the above

A

d) All of the above

82
Q

(T OR F) The literature review can be central to identifying factors that the researcher may not have considered including in his/her research project.

A

True

83
Q

(T OR F) The literature review can assist in identifying and preparing a good research question.

A

True

84
Q

(T OR F) To clarify and focus a research problem, we must “pack” it.

A

True

85
Q

(T OR F) A concept is an idea that asserts a relationship between one or more hypotheses.

A

False

86
Q

(T OR F) Concepts are categories or descriptions of our world and experience.

A

True

87
Q

(T OR F) The key feature of a research problem is that it asserts that two concepts are related in a specific way.

A

False

88
Q

(T OR F) A positive relationship is when “less of one” concept leads to “more of the other.”

A

False

89
Q

(T OR F) A negative relationship is when “more of one” concept leads to “less of the other” and vice versa

A

True

90
Q

(T OR F) The relationship between two concepts cannot be described as positive or negative if the dependent concept is a categorical concept.

A

true but we’re not sure

91
Q

(T OR F) An important family decision can be a starting point for a research project.

A

True

92
Q

(T OR F) A nominal concept is one that is rigidly divided into two or more exclusive categories.

A

True

93
Q

(T OR F) Changes in categorical concepts are described as “more” or “less” of the variable.

A

True

94
Q

(T OR F) A dependent concept “causes,” produces a change in, or acts upon something else.

A

False

95
Q

(T OR F) The concept that is acted upon, produced, or “caused” by the independent concept is called the dependent concept.

A

True

96
Q

(T OR F) In its usual form, a hypothesis states that something about the independent concept produces a change in the dependent concept.

A

True

97
Q

(T OR F) A policy issue is often the result of a research problem.

A

True

98
Q

(T OR F) As with good quantitative research, good qualitative research is also guided by a clearly specified hypothesis.

A

False

99
Q

(T OR F) When the goal of the research is explanatory rather than descriptive, a statement of objective can serve to guide the research.

A

True

100
Q

(T OR F) Independent concepts are always independent regardless of the case.

A

False

101
Q

(T OR F) Quantitative research looks to describe what is while qualitative research tries to test explanations for what is

A

True

102
Q

(T OR F) Hypotheses are categories into which ideas, impressions, and observations of the world can be placed.

A

False

103
Q

(T OR F) Variables must validly represent an abstract concept being studied.

A

True

104
Q

(T OR F) A fundamental feature of a variable is that it can be observed and measured.

A

True

105
Q

(T OR F) Variables must have more than one range of “possible states.”

A

False

106
Q

(T OR F) Changes in variables represent changes in abstract concepts.

A

False

107
Q

(T OR F) Operationalization defines a concept in terms that can be measured.

A

True

108
Q

(T OR F) It is possible to state a hypothesis in an operational form but not in a conceptual form.

A

False

109
Q

(T OR F) If a theoretical hypothesis asserts a positive relationship between two concepts, then it follows that the operational form of the hypothesis would also specify a positive relationship between the variables.

A

True

110
Q

(T OR F) If there are no dependent and independent concepts and variables, it is still necessary to operationalize the concepts in the research objective.

A

False

111
Q

(T OR F) One problem raised by validity is that concepts are often multidimensional and impossible to represent with a single variable.

A

True

112
Q

(T OR F) There is no such thing as a perfect variable in social research.

A

true

113
Q

(T OR F) Research objectives are used to guide research that seeks to describe rather than explain what is happening.

A

True

114
Q

(T OR F) You can find the perfect variable for a given concept.

A

False

115
Q

(T OR F) Validity is a serious issue for quantitative and qualitative methods.

A

True

116
Q

(T OR F) A hypothesis is associated with qualitative research.

A

False

117
Q

(T OR F) In qualitative research studies, it is important to have a predefined expectation about the outcome.

A

False

118
Q

(T OR F) Internal validity refers to how closely your variable produces scores or observations that are consistent with what we observe in real life.

A

False

119
Q

(T OR F) Content and construct validity are essentially the same thing.

A

False

120
Q

________ are categories into which ideas, impressions, and observations of the world can be placed.

a) Concepts
b) Variables
c) Hypotheses
d) Research objectives

A

a) Concepts

121
Q

Empirical researchers are concerned about making their abstract concepts observable and measurable so that ________.

a) others can read and understand the research
b) others can criticize the research
c) others can effectively use the research
d) others can follow and evaluate the research

A

c) others can effectively use the research

122
Q

A variable _______.
a) is something that remains constant
b) is a type of concept that varies in amount or quality
c) represents a concrete concept.
d) is something that can be measured but is not something that can usually be
observed

A

b) is a type of concept that varies in amount or quality

123
Q

A ________ is a type of ________ that varies in amount or quality.

a) concept / variable
b) variable/concept
c) hypothesis / question
d) objective / hypothesis

A

b) variable/concept

124
Q

In order to be measurable substitutes for abstract concepts, variables must ________.

a) be valid in relation to the concept they are measuring
b) have a range of “possible states”
c) have “states” that are observable and measurable
d) be all of the above

A

d) be all of the above

125
Q

A positive change in a variable would indicate a corresponding ________ change in the abstract concept.

a) negative
b) positive
c) neutral
d) negative and positive

A

b) positive

126
Q

An operational definition defines a concept in terms that can be ________.

a) verified
b) valid
c) measured
d) verified, valid, and measured

A

d) verified, valid, and measured

127
Q

At the conceptual level, a hypothesis asserts a relationship between ________.

a) concepts
b) variables
c) ideas
d) theories

A

b) variables

128
Q

What are the concepts in Dr. Samson’s study?
a) undergraduate sociology students, Sociology 101
b) income, level of education, type of occupation
c) socio-economic status, academic performance
d) number of years of post-secondary education, prestige of occupation, annual
household income in dollars after taxes

A

c) socio-economic status, academic performance

129
Q

What are the variables in Dr. Samson’s study?
a) undergraduate sociology students, Sociology 101
b) income,level of education,type of occupation
c) socio-economic status, academic performance
d) number of years of post-secondary education, prestige of occupation, annual
household income in dollars after taxes

A

b) income, level of education,type of occupation

130
Q

Which of the following statements best represents Dr. Samson’s conceptual hypothesis?

a) academic performance + → socio-economic status
b) socio-economicstatus + → academicperformance
c) socio-economic status + → academic performance
d) academic achievement + → individual’s final grade in Sociology 101

A

b or c) socio-economic status + → academic performance

131
Q

Which of the following statements would best represent Dr. Samson’s operational hypothesis?

a) income – → individual’s final grade in Sociology 101
b) individual’s final grade in Sociology101 + →income
c) socio-economic status + → academic performance
d) income + →individual’s final grade in Sociology101

A

d) income + →individual’s final grade in Sociology101

132
Q

What is the independent concept in Dr. Samson’s study?

a) socio-economic status
b) income
c) level of education
d) academic performance
e) life chances

A

a) socio-economic status

133
Q

What is the dependent concept in Dr. Samson’s study?

a) socio-economic status
b) income
c) level of education
d) academic performance
e) life chances

A

d) academic performance

134
Q

Which of the following represents the independent variable in Dr. Samson’s study?

a) Socio-economic status
b) Number of years of parents’ post-secondary education
c) Level of education
d) Final grade in Sociology101

A

b) Number of years of parents’ post-secondary education

135
Q

Which of the following represents the dependent variable in Dr. Samson’s study?

a) socio-economic status
b) final grade in Sociology101
c) number of years of parents’ post-secondary education
d) income

A

b) final grade in Sociology101

136
Q

Research objectives are used to guide research that seeks to ________ rather than ________ what is happening.

a) explain / describe
b) describe/explain
c) question / answer
d) answer/question

A

b) describe/explain

137
Q

One problem raised by questions of validity is that concepts are often ________.

a) measurable
b) countable
c) recordable
d) multidimensional

A

d) multidimensional

138
Q

According to the authors of your textbook, one of the more challenging and creative tasks in the research process is ________.

a) deciding who to work with on projects
b) finding variables that relate to the concepts that concern us
c) writing up research proposals
d) finding reliable sources

A

b) finding variables that relate to the concepts that concern us

139
Q

Which of the following is not a type of validity discussed by the authors of your textbook?

a) external validity
b) internal validity
c) project validity
d) construct validity
e) content validity

A

c) project validity

140
Q

Which method uses a hypothesis?

a) quantitative
b) qualitative
c) experiential
d) both a and b

A

d) both a and b

141
Q

When we talk about directional hypotheses, we are discussing ________. a) qualitative research

b) cross-sectional research
c) quantitative research
d) personal research

A

c) quantitative research

142
Q

(T OR F) Doing research involves reducing empirical questions to conceptual problems.

A

False

143
Q

(T OR F) Some concepts are impossible to measure.

A

True

144
Q

(T OR F) Hypotheses are categories into which ideas, impressions, and observations of the world can be placed.

A

False

145
Q

(T OR F) Variables must validly represent an abstract concept being studied.

A

True

146
Q

(T OR F) A fundamental feature of a variable is that it can be observed and measured.

A

True

147
Q

(T OR F) Variables must have more than one range of “possible states.”

A

False

148
Q

(T OR F) Changes in variables represent changes in abstract concepts.

A

False

149
Q

(T OR F) Operationalization defines a concept in terms that can be measured.

A

True

150
Q

(T OR F) It is possible to state a hypothesis in an operational form but not in a conceptual form.

A

False

151
Q

(T OR F) If a theoretical hypothesis asserts a positive relationship between two concepts, then it follows that the operational form of the hypothesis would also specify a positive relationship between the variables.

A

True

152
Q

(T OR F) If there are no dependent and independent concepts and variables, it is still necessary to operationalize the concepts in the research objective.

A

False

153
Q

(T OR F) One problem raised by validity is that concepts are often multidimensional and impossible to represent with a single variable.

A

True

154
Q

(T OR F) There is no such thing as a perfect variable in social research.

A

True

155
Q

(T OR F) Research objectives are used to guide research that seeks to describe rather than explain what is happening.

A

True

156
Q

(T OR F) You can find the perfect variable for a given concept.

A

False

157
Q

(T OR F) Validity is a serious issue for quantitative and qualitative methods.

A

True

158
Q

(T OR F) A hypothesis is associated with qualitative research.

A

False

159
Q

(T OR F) In qualitative research studies, it is important to have a predefined expectation about the outcome.

A

False

160
Q

(T OR F) Internal validity refers to how closely your variable produces scores or observations that are consistent with what we observe in real life.

A

False

161
Q

(T OR F) Content and construct validity are essentially the same thing.

A

False

Research Methods (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions