Test 1, B

Question 1

Deficiency vitamin A

Answer 1

Night blindness/ xerophthalmia

Question 2

Vitamin d deficiency

Answer 2

Rickets

Question 3

Vitamin c deficiency

Answer 3

Scurvy

Question 4

Deficiency vitamin k

Answer 4

Bleeding disorder or fetal-warfarin syndrome

Question 5

Deficiency B3, niacin

Answer 5

Pellagra, dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia

Question 6

Deficiency B2, riboflavin

Answer 6

Sore throat, anemia, neuropathy, seborrheic dermatitis of the face

Question 7

Deficiency B7, biotin

Answer 7

Dermatitis, EKG changes, muscle pain, anorexia

Question 8

Deficiency B9, folate

Answer 8

Neural tube defects in newborns (spins bifida, anencephaly)

Question 9

Deficiency B12, cyanocobalamin

Answer 9

Depression, memory loss, imparted cognitive function

Question 10

Vit A toxicities and upper dose

Answer 10

Avoid doses over 7.5 mg retinol
Hepatotoxicity (polar bear liver)
Dry itchy skin, neurological symptoms, congenital abnormalities (preg. Cat. X)

Question 11

Vit k toxicities

Answer 11

Nontoxic

BBW for anaphylaxis if IV/IM too quick, give no more than 1mg/min IV

Question 12

Vit E toxicities

Answer 12

Avoid doses over 150 IU day

Pro oxidant at higher doses and can increase risk of hemorrhage

Question 13

Vit c toxicities

Answer 13

Upper limit 2000mg day
GI upset, kidney stones, precipate of drugs in urine, decrease B12 and copper absorption and increase iron absorption, increase CV mortality

Question 14

Niacin B3 toxicity

Answer 14

Flushing, priorities, hepatotoxicity, hyperuricemia and gout

Question 15

Pyridoxine B6 toxicity

Answer 15

RDA 1.5-1.7 mg/day

N/V, rosacea fulmnans, neuropathy

Question 16

Folate B9 toxicity

Answer 16

Cognitive decline, prostate cancer,

Question 17

Calcium toxicity

Answer 17

Constipation, obtundation, coma

Question 18

Magnesium toxicity

Answer 18

GI upset, muscle weakness, loss of tendon reflex, cardiac arrhythmias, respiratory depression

Question 19

Iron toxicity

Answer 19

GI,liver, CNS, CV, coagulopathy

Question 20

Zinc toxicity

Answer 20

Upper limit 40mg/day

N/V/D, metallic taste, increased copper deficiency, renal failure, neuropathy, increased BPH

Question 21

Selenium toxicity

Answer 21

RDA 50-200mcg/day

Nail and hair changes, garlic odor breath,

Question 22

Chromium toxicity

Answer 22

Anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure, hepatic

Question 23

Manganese toxicity

Answer 23

Neurotoxicity, Parkinsonism symptoms, encephalopathy, psychosis

Question 24

Copper toxicities

Answer 24

GI, hepatic

Question 25

Vit A dose

Answer 25

Upper limit retinol 10000 units or 3000mcg/day

Question 26

Vit B1 thiamine dosing

Answer 26

``` RDA 1.5mg/day Neuropathy 10-30 mg/day Wet beri beri. 100mg IV Wernicke korsakoff. 50-100 mg bid for several days the 10-20 mg/day Deficiency. 100mgIV then dextrose bag ```

Question 27

Niacin b3 deficiency

Answer 27

``` Mild def. 50-100 Pellagra 300-500 Hyperlipidemi. 500-3000 Hdl. 1200-1500 Ldl. 2-3 g ```

Question 28

Vir B6 dose

Answer 28

INH. 10-50 | Maximum dose 100mg

Question 29

B9 folate dose

Answer 29

Prevention of spins bifida 400mcg/day | 4mg/day if previous child with neural tube defects

Question 30

B12 cyanocobalamin dose

Answer 30

Rda 2.4 mcg/day Don't give PO for pernicious anemia Can't be given IV, must be PO, IM, sublingual, or nasal

Question 31

Calcium dose

Answer 31

IOM. 1000mg/day under 50yr, 1200mg/ day if over NIH. 1000mg/day under 50 1500 if over Divid doses into no more that 500mg

Question 32

Vit D

Answer 32

400-800IU under 50 years old | 800-1000IU over 50

Question 33

Chromium dose

Answer 33

Safe at 200mcg/day x6 months

Question 34

Vit k dose

Answer 34

Newborns. 1 mg IM

Question 35

Calcium % elemental

Answer 35

``` Calcium carbonate. 40% Calcium citrate 21% Calcium acetate 25% Calcium chloride 27% Calcium glauconate 9%. Preferred!!! ```

Question 36

ATBC trial finding

Answer 36

If antioxidants prevent lung cancer Beta carotene- increase lung cancer and overall mortality Vit E- decrease risk of cerebral infarction increase risk of SAH

Question 37

HOPE trial

Answer 37

Study of Vit E on MI stroke CVD UA and CHF | No difference in most slightly higher rate of HF and hospitalization with Vit E

Question 38

HIPE-TOO

Answer 38

Long term Vit E to decrease CVD orCA Increase risk of HF and hospitalizations

Question 39

SELECT trial

Answer 39

Study to see if selenium and Vit E. Can prevent CA Higher rates of prostate cancer with E Higher diabetes in selenium

Question 40

NORVIT study

Answer 40

Study to see if B helps restenosis and MACE Increase risk of restenosis and CV events

Question 41

FACIT study

Answer 41

See if B helps stroke Increase risk with B

Question 42

Vit B and diabetes

Answer 42

Debatable- lower homocysteine level, increase cardiac events, decrease GFR, increase diabetic neuropathy

Question 43

Conversion of mEq to g

Answer 43

Mg: 1g= 8 mEq

Question 44

Vit A and sepsis

Answer 44

Higher mortality correlated with giving Vit A

Question 45

Thiamine B1 in critically ill

Answer 45

Reduced mortality, it's a Benefit

Question 46

Vit C in surgical patients

Answer 46

Recommend 500mg/day for first week

Question 47

Vit D in iCU

Answer 47

Good idea, less dun less Vit D

Question 48

Antioxidants in in critically ill, trauma, infection , burns

Answer 48

High dose antioxidants could be beneficial but not for long periods of time

Question 49

Safe and effective for hypertension

Answer 49

CoQ10- likely safe, possibly effective Garlic- likely safe but no evidence of effective Hawthorn- likely safe possibly effective

Question 50

Safe and effective hyperlipidemia

Answer 50

Policosanol- likely safe, likely effective Garlic- likely safe limy I effective Red yeast rice- likely unsafe, pissinly effective (use real statin) Guggulipid- possibly unsafe and ineffective

Question 51

Hypertriglyceridemia safe and effective

Answer 51

Omega 3 fatty acids- likely safe and effective

Question 52

Angina safe and effective

Answer 52

Danshen- likely safe and likely effective

Question 53

Atrial fib safe and effective

Answer 53

Garlic- illy safe and likely effective

Question 54

CHF safe effective

Answer 54

CoQ 10- liky safe and possibly effective | Hawthorn- likely safe and effective

Question 55

CoQ10 drug interactions

Answer 55

Warfarin

Question 56

Danshen interaction

Answer 56

Digoxin | Warfarin

Question 57

Guggulipid interaction

Answer 57

Diltiazem, propranolol

Question 58

Hawthorne interactions

Answer 58

Digoxin

Question 59

Garlic interactions

Answer 59

Anticoagulants and anti-platelets

Question 60

Omega 3 fatty acids interactions

Answer 60

Warfarin, antiplatelets

Question 61

Red yeast rice interactions

Answer 61

Preg cat x Statins Fibrates

Question 62

What should be avoided by cv disease

Answer 62

Ephedra Guarna Bitter orange Green and black tea

Question 63

Deficiency B1, thiamine

Answer 63

Wet beri beri, dry beri beri, wernickes syndrome, korsakoff syndrome