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Personal and Community Health > Test 1 (Ch. 1-7) > Flashcards

Test 1 (Ch. 1-7) Flashcards

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1
Q

glucose

A

the only dietary fuel used by the brain

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2
Q

when are ketones created?

A

when the body is starved of glucose

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3
Q

ketones

A

created from burning body fat

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4
Q

ketosis

A

the process of burning body fat to produce ketones

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5
Q

how can ketones be harmful?

A

can harm kidney function, toxic in excess

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6
Q

intermittent fasting

A

fat is burned for energy, body enters ketosis

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7
Q

insulin resistance

A

when too much glucose is in blood, cells shut down insulin receptors and insulin turns glucose into fat

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8
Q

metabolism

A

the sum of all chemical reactions

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9
Q

anabolic

A

to build

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10
Q

catabolic

A

to break down

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11
Q

basal metabolism

A

the energy needed to maintain the body at rest

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12
Q

basal metabolic rate

A

how much energy is need to keep the body at rest

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13
Q

what happen when the body is calorically deficient?

A

the body starts to burn muscle for energy

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14
Q

proteins break down into…

A

amino acids

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15
Q

lipids break down into…

A

fatty acids

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16
Q

carbs are…

A

a non-essential nutrients

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17
Q

sugar alcohols

A

a by-product of breaking down glucose

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18
Q

should sugar alcohols be avoided?

A

yes

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19
Q

simple carbs

A

break down quickly, give burst of energy

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20
Q

complex carbs

A

take longer to break down, gives sustained released of energy

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21
Q

net carbs

A

total carbs - dietary fiber

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22
Q

monosaccharides

A

1 sugar → glucose, fructose, galactose

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23
Q

disaccharides

A

2 sugars → maltose, sucrose, lactose

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24
Q

maltose

A

glucose + glucose

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25
sucrose
glucose + fructose
26
lactose
galactose + glucose
27
-ase enzyme breaks down...
-ose sugar
28
essential nutrients
proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals
29
how many calories do carbs give?
4 calories/gram
30
how many calories do proteins give?
4 calories/gram
31
how many calories do lipids give?
9 calories/gram
32
lactose intolerance
a lack of enzymes needed to break down lactose
33
phytoestrogen and xenoestrogens
function like estrogen in the body
34
sodium nitrates
are carcinogenic
35
bha and bht
are carcinogenic
36
fda
attempts to ensure that food is free of disease and bacteria
37
usda
looks at how food is grown, makes sure farmers adhere to the specificity of growing standards
38
body mass index
determines if you are underweight, overweight, or a healthy weight based on height and weight
39
what is one flaw of bmi?
doesn't take into account other body masses
40
gluten
a protein that usually causes a micro-inflammatory response in the body
41
celiac disease
an over-sensitization to gluten leading to a complete intolerance to gluten
42
fat burners
consumables meant to burn fat
43
appestat mechanism
how do i turn hunger on and off
44
leptin
decreases hunger
45
ghrelin
increases hunger
46
gastric distention
sends signal to the brain saying, "i'm full"
47
anorexia
caloric intake is lowered to the bare minimum, if any at all
48
bulimia
individual eats food and then purges it very soon after
49
what is one side effect of bulimia
cancer from stomach acid burning the esophagus
50
binge eating
eating a large amount of food in one sitting and then not eating for several days
51
anabolic steroids can cause
mood swings, liver damage, cancer, etc.
52
is histidine essential or non-essential?
essential
53
is isoleucine essential or non-essential?
essential
54
is leucine essential or non-essential?
essential
55
is lysine essential or non-essential?
essential
56
is methionine essential or non essential?
essential
57
is phenylalanine essential or non essential?
essential
58
is threonine essential or non essential?
essential
59
is tryptophan essential or non essential?
essential
60
is valine essential or non essential?
essential
61
calcium
major mineral
62
phosphorus
major mineral
63
potassium
major mineral
64
sulfur
major mineral
65
sodium
major mineral
66
chlorine
major mineral
67
magnesium
major mineral
68
iron
trace mineral
69
manganese
trace mineral
70
copper
trace mineral
71
iodine
trace mineral
72
cobalt
trace mineral
73
zinc
trace mineral
74
fluorine
trace mineral
75
selenium
trace mineral
76
chromium
trace mineral
77
water soluble vitamins
b and c
78
fat soluble vitamins
a, d, e, and k
79
b1
thiamine
80
b2
riboflavin
81
b3
niacin
82
b5
pantothenic acid
83
b6
pyroxine
84
b7
biotin
85
b9
folic acid
86
b12
cyanocobalamin

Personal and Community Health (1 decks)

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