test 1 ch1-4

Question 1

superego

Answer 1

represents internalized moral principles of parents and society

Question 2

object relations

Answer 2

children incorporate memories and values of important people

Question 3

transference

Answer 3

clients relate to therapists as they do an authority figure

Question 4

shaping

Answer 4

develop response by reinforcing similar responses

Question 5

mental status exam categories

Answer 5

appearance and behavior, thought process(delusions), mood and affect, intellectual functioning, sensorium

Question 6

neuropsychological test

Answer 6

measure cognitive ability to make an educated guess on performance/brain impairment (intellectual disability test)

Question 7

idiographic

Answer 7

what makes a person unique

Question 8

classification

Answer 8

grouping people based on shared attributes

Question 9

categorical approach

Answer 9

assumption of clear cut differences among disorders

Question 10

psychophysiological assessment

Answer 10

changes in nervous system from mental or emotional events

Question 11

psychogenesis

Answer 11

psychological cause for mental illness

Question 12

fMRI

Answer 12

shows where brain is functioning

Question 13

prevalence

Answer 13

how many people in the population have the disorder

Question 14

incidence

Answer 14

new cases in a given period

Question 15

course

Answer 15

pattern of a disorder (chronic, episodic, time-limited)

Question 16

acute onset

Answer 16

disorder begins suddenly

Question 17

insidious

Answer 17

develop grandually

Question 18

prognosis

Answer 18

anticipated course

Question 19

Granger causality

Answer 19

series of events predicts another theory of events

Question 20

psychosocial treatment

Answer 20

psychological and sociocultural factors

Question 21

moral therapy

Answer 21

treating patients as normally as possible

Question 22

mental hygiene movement

Answer 22

improving care by informing the public of mistreatment

Question 23

etiology

Answer 23

cause or source of a disorder

Question 24

intrapsychic conflict

Answer 24

struggle of id, ego, superego

Question 25

defense mechanism

Answer 25

pattern of behavior in response to particular situations

Question 26

ego psychology

Answer 26

psychological disorders are a failure of regulated impulses

Question 27

extinction

Answer 27

response to reinforcement decreases when pairing is removed

Question 28

systematic desensitization

Answer 28

exposure to fearful stimulus paired with positive coping

Question 29

reliability

Answer 29

consistency of measurement

Question 30

validity

Answer 30

does it test what it is supposed to

Question 31

standardization

Answer 31

establishing norms to ensure measurement is used consistently

Question 32

analog

Answer 32

recreating real-life situations in a lab

Question 33

projective testing

Answer 33

method of client projecting unconscious onto neutral stimuli

Question 34

nomothetic

Answer 34

what people have in common

Question 35

taxonomy

Answer 35

classification in scientific context

Question 36

nosology

Answer 36

taxonomy for medicine

Question 37

nomenclature

Answer 37

naming system

Question 38

dimensional approach

Answer 38

symptoms on a spetrum

Question 39

prototypical approach

Answer 39

essential characteristics (dog), variations on characteristics (breed)

Question 40

5 components of psychopathology

Answer 40

statistical infrequency personal distress dysfunction violation of social norms unexpected reactions

Question 41

necessary vs sufficient

Answer 41

what needs to be there vs everything that needs to be there

Question 42

types of workers

Answer 42

clinical psychologist, therapist, psychiatrist, social worker, clergy, nurses

Question 43

somatogenesis

Answer 43

mental illness from physical cause

Question 44

Philipe Pinel and Dorothea Dix

Answer 44

nice conditions for mentally ill

Question 45

diathesis-stress model

Answer 45

genetic predisposition and environment

Question 46

neuron

Answer 46

dendrite- receives info axon- sends info bouton- to next neuron synapse- space between neurons

Question 47

brain stem

Answer 47

breathing, digestions, motor control

Question 48

reticular activating system

Answer 48

attention, sleep, arousal

Question 49

limbic system

Answer 49

emotions

Question 50

frontal lobe

Answer 50

executive functioning, processing world

Question 51

agonist

Answer 51

increases activity

Question 52

antagonist

Answer 52

blocks activity

Question 53

inverse agonist

Answer 53

causes opposite effect

Question 54

serotonin

Answer 54

mood, behavior, thoughts

Question 55

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Answer 55

claiming neurotransmitter

Question 56

glutamate

Answer 56

excitatory neurotransmitter

Question 57

CT scan

Answer 57

2D x-rays of the brain, in slices

Question 58

MRI

Answer 58

shows brain structure

Question 59

PET

Answer 59

blood-flow

Question 60

EEG

Answer 60

electrical activity in the brain

Question 61

GSR

Answer 61

sweat gland activity

Question 62

EKG

Answer 62

heart rate

Question 63

DSM-5

Answer 63

removed multiaxial system

Question 64

multiaxial system

Answer 64

1- everything but personality and intellectual 2- personality and intellectual 3- medical condition 4- environment 5- cognitive functioning

Question 65

case study

Answer 65

in-depth study on one case

Question 66

epidemiology

Answer 66

study of frequency and distribution

Question 67

lifetime prevalence

Answer 67

amount of people who experience -x- during their life

Question 68

cross-sectional

Answer 68

examine different age groups at the same time

Question 69

longitudinal

Answer 69

follows cohort through time

Question 70

meta-analysis

Answer 70

combines results from several studies

Question 71

proband

Answer 71

origin of a family trait

Question 72

informed consent

Answer 72

competence, debriefing, confidentiality, volunteerism, full informed

Question 73

theory of humors

Answer 73

yellow bile, black bile, blood, phlegm