Test 1 (Chapters 1-2)

Question 1

The ability of other scientists to reach the same conclusing by performing the same experiment under different conditions

Answer 1

reproducibility

Question 2

What power of ten does the prefix kilo represent?

Answer 2

Question 3

What are the four limiations of science?

Answer 3

scope, bias, assumption, approximation

Question 4

amount of matter in an object

Answer 4

mass

Question 5

What is the ratio of density of a substance to the density of a standard substance?

Answer 5

specific gravity

Question 6

What are the three main components of the engineering design process?

Answer 6

defining the problem, designing a solution, evaluating the solution

Question 7

The purpose of ___ is to determine cause and effect.

Answer 7

inductive reasoning

Question 8

The ability to do work

Answer 8

energy

Question 9

In addition and subtraction, results are rounded to the last place that is significant in ___

Answer 9

the least accurate measurement

Question 10

fahrenheit to celsisus

Answer 10

Question 11

reasoning from specific evidence to a general conclusion

Answer 11

inductive reasoning

Question 12

how closely a series of measurements match each other

Answer 12

precision

Question 13

In logic, a statement of fact is called a(n)

Answer 13

proposition

Question 14

The system of measurement accepted as the standard for scientific and technical purposes

Answer 14

SI (International System of Measurement)

Question 15

What can be described as the substance of the physical world?

Answer 15

matter

Question 16

Type of proposition containing an if/then statement

Answer 16

hypothetical proposition

Question 17

the closeness of a measurement to the quantity’s actual value

Answer 17

accuracy

Question 18

characteristic that a design must have to function at all

Answer 18

criterion

Question 19

What system of measurement adds a prefix to each base unit to make it larger or smaller?

Answer 19

metric (system)

Question 20

What are the minimum characteristics that a design must have to function?

Answer 20

criteria

Question 21

Volume of a rectangular prism

Answer 21

Question 22

calculate volume of an object

Answer 22

Question 23

What property causes matter to resist changes in motion?

Answer 23

inertia

Question 24

calculate density

Answer 24

Question 25

convert from Celsius to Kelvin

Answer 25

Question 26

convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit

Answer 26

Question 27

leads one to see and believe what he wants to be true, not what is true

Answer 27

bias

Question 28

In general, a solid will float in a liquid if and only if ...

Answer 28

the solid has a lower density than the liquid.

Question 29

group in an experiment in which the independent variable is absent

Answer 29

control group.

Question 30

limited to the study of created matter and energy in the present.

Answer 30

scope

Question 31

change that changes the substance

Answer 31

chemical change

Question 32

A specific measure to which other measures are compared to ensure uniformity

Answer 32

standard of measure

Question 33

Does science rely on assumptions?

Answer 33

yes

Question 34

When writing a number in scientific notation to obtain the first factor, place the decimal point after ____. The second factor is obtained by ___. Attach a positive sign to the exponent if the decimal point has been moved to the ___ or attach a negative sign if it has been moved to the ___.

Answer 34

the first nonzero digit setting the exponent of ten equal to the number of places the decimal point has been moved from its original location. left; right

Question 35

To decipher scientific notation, write down the first factor; then ___. If the exponent is negative, the number is ___ one; move the decimal point to the ___.

Answer 35

move the decimal point to the right or left according to the number and sign of the exponent. less than; left

Question 36

Science can provide ______ descriptions of how the world works.

Answer 36

only approximate

Question 37

measure of an object's thermal energy

Answer 37

temperature

Question 38

What is the SI unit for mass?

Answer 38

kilogram

Question 39

If some data could exist that would prove a hypothesis to be incorrect, than the hypothesis is ___

Answer 39

falsifiable

Question 40

What is a conclusion based on reasoning from evidence?

Answer 40

inference

Question 41

form of inference in which the consequent must be true because the antecedent is true

Answer 41

affirming the antecedent

Question 42

What prefix is added to a unit to indicate one-thousandth?

Answer 42

milli-

Question 43

Which step of the scientific method involves formulating a tentative explanation to answer a scientific problem?

Answer 43

hypothesizing

Question 44

What logical fallacy involves assuming that one thing causes another because it occured before the other

Answer 44

post hoc fallacy

Question 45

Answer 45

deca

Question 46

In multiplication and division, the answer is rounded to the same number of significant digits as ____

Answer 46

the least significant factor

Question 47

What fallacy occurs when a single term is ambiguously used with two different meanings in a signle argument?

Answer 47

equivocation

Question 48

How do mathematics and science relate to each other?

Answer 48

Mathematics is the language of science

Question 49

A push or pull on an object

Answer 49

force

Question 50

fallacy in which an argument is based on the support of someone considered authority instead of being based on facts and sound reason

Answer 50

argument from authority

Question 51

amount of gravitational pull on an object

Answer 51

weight

Question 52

method of inductive reasoning that involves comparing two situations that are the same except for one factor, which is present in one situation but not in the other

Answer 52

method of difference

Question 53

Which step of the scientific method involves organizing data and researching the findings of other scientists' data?

Answer 53

observing

Question 54

amount of space an object occupies

Answer 54

volume

Question 55

What is the best way to determine the volume of a *large, irregularly shaped* solid?

Answer 55

fluid displacement

Question 56

a model with the exact shape, proportions, and appearance as the object it represents

Answer 56

physical model

Question 57

What are the five rules of significant digits

Answer 57

1. All non zero digits **are** significant and should be recorded. 2. Zeros at the beginning of a number **are never** significant. 3. Zeros between nonzero digits **are** significant. 4. Zeros that are at the end of a number that has a decimal point **are** significant. 5. Zeros at the end of a number that does ***not*** have a decimal point are placeholders and are considered **not** significant.

Question 58

law of causality

Answer 58

every effect has a cause and that the same cause will produce the same effect

Question 59

calculate specific gravity

Answer 59