Test 1 Chapters 1-5

Question 0

What is the study of the chemical basis of neural activity?

Answer 0

Neurochemistry

Question 1

What is the study of the structure of the Nervous system?

Answer 1

Neuroanatomy

Question 2

What is the study of the interaction between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

Answer 2

Neuroendocrinology

Question 3

What is the study of nervous system disorders?

Answer 3

Neuropathology

Question 4

What is the study of the effect of drugs on neural activity?

Answer 4

Neuropharmacology

Question 5

What is the study of the functions and activities of the nervous system?

Answer 5

Neurophysiology

Question 6

What is the method of studying biology by comparing species?

Answer 6

The comparative approach

Question 7

What is the phenomena in which a copulating male, who fails to continue copulating with an existing sex partner, is capable of doing so after switching to a different sex partner?

Answer 7

The Coolidge effect

Question 8

What is the name of an experiment which studies groups of subjects who have been exposed to the conditions of interest in the real world?

Answer 8

Quasiexperimental study

Question 9

What is a study which focuses on a particular case or study?

Answer 9

Case study

Question 10

What is the term describing the degree to which results can be applied to other studies?

Answer 10

Generalizability

Question 11

Research motivated by the curiosity of the researcher for the explicit purpose of gaining knowledge?

Answer 11

Pure research

Question 12

What is research carried-out with the intention of providing some direct benefit to humankind?

Answer 12

Applied research

Question 13

What is the division of biopsychology that studies the neural mechanisms of behavior through the direct manipulation ofthe brain in controlled experiments?

Answer 13

Physiological psychology

Question 14

What is the study of the effects of drugs on the brain and behavior?

Answer 14

Psychopharmacology

Question 15

What is the study of the psychological effects of brain damage on patients?

Answer 15

Neuropsychology

Question 16

What is the outer layer of the cerebral hemispheres called?

Answer 16

The cerebral cortex

Question 17

What branch of biopsychology studies the relation between physiological activity and psychological processes in human subjects.

Answer 17

Psychophysiology

Question 18

What is the usual measure of brain activity in psychophysiology?

Answer 18

scalp electroencephalogram (EEG)

Question 19

What part of the nervous system regulates the body’s internal environment?

Answer 19

The autonomic nervous system

Question 20

Which branch of biopsychology studies the neural bases for cognition using brain imaging?

Answer 20

Cognitive neuroscience

Question 21

What is the branch of biopsychology which compares the behavior of different species in order to understand the evolution,genetics,and adaptiveness of behavior?

Answer 21

Comparative psychology

Question 22

What is the study of animal behavior in their natural environement?

Answer 22

Ethnological research

Question 23

What is the process in which different approaches are focused on a single problem in such a way that the strengths of one approach compensate for the weaknesses ofthe others?

Answer 23

Converging operations

Question 24

What is the term for a condition of memory loss defined by an inability to form new memories and otherwise full cognitive functionality?

Answer 24

Korsakoffs syndrome

Question 25

What is the process of carefully measuring key events that one can observe and then using these measures as a basis for logically inferring the nature of events that one cannot observe?

Answer 25

Scientific inference

Question 26

What is the process of spotting the weaknesses of existing ideas and the evidence on which they are based?

Answer 26

Critical thinking

Question 27

Who pioneered the prefrontal lobotomy?

Answer 27

Dr. Egaz Moniz

Question 28

What is the rule which states, when there are several possible interpretations for a behavioral observation, precedence must be given to the simplest one?

Answer 28

Morgan's Canon

Question 29

What is the device called which, once inserted into the brain, has a retractable wire to cut out a core of brain tissue from deep within the brain?

Answer 29

A leucotome

Question 30

What is the philosophy which posits that the human "mind" and brain are two separate entities?

Answer 30

Cartesian Dualism

Question 31

What is the long-standing debate which discusses whether humans and other animals inherit their behavioral capacities or acquire them through learning?

Answer 31

The nature-nurture issue

Question 32

What is the study of animal behavior in the wild which focuses on instinctual behaviors?

Answer 32

ethology (behaviors which occur in all like members of a species even when there seems to have been no opportunity for them to have been learned.)

Question 33

What is the deficiency in awareness of parts of one's own body?

Answer 33

asomatognosia

Question 34

What are conspecifics?

Answer 34

members of the same species

Question 35

What are animals with dorsal nerve chords?

Answer 35

Chordates

Question 36

What are chordates that poses vertebrae?

Answer 36

Vertebrates

Question 37

What are vertebrates with mammary glands?

Answer 37

mammals

Question 38

To Which order to humans belong?

Answer 38

Primates

Question 39

From which strand of primates did Apes originate and what made them different?

Answer 39

Apes evolved from "Old World Monkeys" and they differed from their ancestors by not possessing tails and having the ability to walk upright for short distances.

Question 40

To which family do humans belong?

Answer 40

The hominins

Question 41

Which genres comprise the hominins?

Answer 41

Australopithecus and Homo

Question 42

Which two species are contained within homo?

Answer 42

Homo erectus,which is extinct,and Homo sapiens(humans)

Question 43

Evolution often occurs through changes in developmental programs that lead to several related characteristics, only one of which might be adaptive, what are the incidental nonadaptive evolutionary by-products are called?

Answer 43

spandrels

Question 44

What are features called which evolved to perform one function and were later co-opted to perform another?

Answer 44

exadaptations

Question 45

What are structures that are similar because they have a common evolutionary origin termed?

Answer 45

homologous structures

Question 46

What are structures that are similar but do not have a common evolutionary origin termed?

Answer 46

Analogous structures

Question 47

The similarities between analogous structures result from what?

Answer 47

Convergent evolution

Question 48

What are three major points about the evolution of the human brain?

Answer 48

+It has increased in size during evolution. +Most ofthe increase in size has occurred in the cerebrum. +An increase in the number of convolutions on the cerebral surface has greatly increased the volume of the cerebral cortex,the outermost layer of cerebral tissue (Hilgetag & Barbas,2009).

Question 49

Why has been informative to consider the evolution ofthe brain stemseparately from the evolution of the cerebrum (cerebral hemispheres)?

Answer 49

In general,the brain stem regulates reflex activities that are critical for survival (e.g.,heart rate,respiration,and blood glucose level),whereas the cerebrum is involved in more complex adaptive processes such as learning,perception,and motivation.

Question 50

What pattern of mate bonding is most prominent in mammals?

Answer 50

Polygyny, in which one male mates with more than one female.

Question 51

What is the pattern of mate bonding in which the female forms bonds with more than one male?

Answer 51

polyandry

Question 52

What percentage of mammals are monogamous?

Answer 52

4%

Question 53

What are traits that occur in one form or another and never in combination?

Answer 53

dichotomous traits

Question 54

What are True-breeding lines?

Answer 54

Breeding lines in which interbred members always produce offspring with the same trait, generation after generation.

Question 55

What are two genes that control the same trait called?

Answer 55

alleles

Question 56

What is an organism which possesses two identical genes for a trait?

Answer 56

Homozygous for that gene

Question 57

What is an organism which posses two different genes for a particular allele ?

Answer 57

It is heterozygous for that gene.

Question 58

As a result of this, each of the gametes that formed the zygote that developed into you contained chromosomes that were unique, spliced-together recombinations of chromosomes from your mother and father.

Answer 58

genetic recombination