Test 1 (Excluding Quiz 1 Info)

Question 1

Any characteristic or factor that can be different between objects

Answer 1

Variable

Question 2

The specific procedures used to produce or measure the variable

Answer 2

Observational Variable

Question 3

Numbers that represent observed variables

Answer 3

Data

Question 4

Decision tools to analyze collected data to debate if the hypothesis is supported

Answer 4

Statistics

Question 5

Who’s behavior is being observed in the study

Answer 5

Participants/Subjects

Question 6

Complete set of items we are interested in studying

Answer 6

Population

Question 7

A smaller group of objects from a defined population

Answer 7

Sample

Question 8

A sample that has the same proportions as the population of all relevant variables

Answer 8

Representative Sample

Question 9

Each member of the subset has an equal probability of being chosen

Answer 9

Simple Random Sample

Question 10

A sample that doesn’t accurately reflect all members of the population

Answer 10

Biased Sample

Question 11

Subjects that are easy to get

Answer 11

Convience Sample

Question 12

The degree to which independent measures of a given behavior are consistent or are the same

Answer 12

Statistical Reliability

Question 13

The degree to which an experiment or a variable measures what it is intended to measure

Answer 13

Statistical Validity

Question 14

Observation is a normal and natural (typical) environment

Strength: Can get large amounts of descriptive data about behavior

Weakness: Observer bias, participant self-consciousness

Answer 14

Naturalistic Observation

Question 15

Provides detailed descriptive reports of rare or interesting cases

Weakness: May show observer bias, memory distortion, or myth building

Answer 15

Case Study

Question 16

A set of questions put to a number of participants asking about their beliefs, attitudes, preferences, or activities

Answer 16

Survey

Question 17

Present a task or stimulus and invite a response

Answer 17

Clinical Method

Question 18

Examining the relationships between two or more variables where the variables are typically not altered or controlled. Does NOT imply causation

Answer 18

Correlational Research

Question 19

A statistical relationship between two variables that appears to be causal but is not

Answer 19

Spurious Correlation

Question 20

Manipulation of one or more variables under controlled conditions so that changes in another variable can be observed

Answer 20

Experimental Research

Question 21

The factor that is manipulated or controlled by the experimenter

Answer 21

Indepdent Variable

Question 22

The factor that is measured by the experimenter and that may be influenced by the independent variable

Answer 22

Dependent Variable

Question 23

A factor that independently influences the dependent variable making it hard to understand how the IV effects the DV

Answer 23

Confounds

Question 24

The group that is not exposed to the treatment

Answer 24

Control Group

Question 25

The group that receives a treatment

Answer 25

Experimental Group

Question 26

Assigning participants in an experiment to experimental and control groups through a random process

Answer 26

Random Assignment

Question 27

A psychological phenomenon that occurs when a person's health or behavior improves after taking a placebo or "dummy" treatment

Answer 27

Placebo Effect

Question 28

Unsupported opinion pretending to be psychological science that does not use the scientific method

Answer 28

Psuedo-Psychology

Question 29

Committees to protect thr rights of human research subjects and overseeing humane care of animal research

Answer 29

IRB (Human) IACUC (Animal)

Question 30

Describe or summarize the main characteristics of the sample

Answer 30

Descrptive Statistics

Question 31

Help us decide if characteristics seen in our sample reflect true differences

Answer 31

Inferential Statistics

Question 32

Indicates whether a measured relationship is due to chance, expressed in terms of probability

Answer 32

Statistical Significance

Question 33

The long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells

Answer 33

Axon

Question 34

The receiving or input portions of a neuron

Answer 34

Dendrites

Question 35

The cell body of a neuron

Answer 35

Cell Body (Soma)

Question 36

A cone-shaped part of a neuron that connects the axon to the cell body

Answer 36

Axon Hillock

Question 37

Small knobs at the end of a neuron's axon that transmit signals to other neurons

Answer 37

Terminal Buttons

Question 38

Glial cells in the peripheral nervous system that support and insulate neurons

Answer 38

Scwann Cells

Question 39

A fatty, insulating layer that wraps around nerve cells

Answer 39

Myelin Sheath

Question 40

Gaps in the myelin sheath that cover the axons of nerves

Answer 40

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 41

The junction between two neurons or between a neuron and a target cell that allows signals to pass between them

Answer 41

Synapses

Question 42

The space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron

Answer 42

Synaptic Cleft

Question 43

Small organelles that store and release neurotransmitters in neurons

Answer 43

Synaptic Vesicle

Question 44

Helps to allow information to be communicated between neurons

Answer 44

Neurotransmitters

Question 45

Proteins on the neuron cell membrane that receive neurotransmitters

Answer 45

Receptors

Question 46

Send sensory information to CNS

Answer 46

Sensory Neurons

Question 47

Send messages from CNS to muscles

Answer 47

Motor Neurons

Question 48

A type of neuron that are located between sensory and motor neurons

Answer 48

Interneurons

Question 49

A cell's membrane potential rapidly rises and then falls, creating an electrical signal that travels along the cell membrane

Answer 49

Action Potential

Question 50

A cell maintains a negative charge inside compared to the outside

Answer 50

Resting Potential

Question 51

How many neurons in the brain?

Answer 51

100 billion

Question 52

How many neural connections?

Answer 52

1 quadrillion

Question 53

Within the neuron, communication is done with:

Answer 53

Electrical signals driven by charged particles

Question 54

Substances that alter nerve impulses and the transmission of signals between neurons

Answer 54

Neuromodulators

Question 55

A process that increases the amount of neurotransmitter released by sensory neurons

Answer 55

Presynaptic Facilitation

Question 56

When nerve cells send signals with the same force regardless of the strength impulse causing them to fire

Answer 56

All or None Law

Question 57

Blocks receptor action Ex. Curane

Answer 57

Antagonist

Question 58

Causes increased firing at receptor site Ex. Morphine

Answer 58

Agonist

Question 59

The absorption by a presynaptic nerve ending of a neurotransmitter that it has secreted

Answer 59

Reuptake

Question 60

Disorder caused by inadequate myelization

Answer 60

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Question 61

CNS

Answer 61

made up of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 62

ANS

Answer 62

involuntary bodily functions like heart rate, digestion, blood pressure, and breathing

Question 63

PNS

Answer 63

a network of nerves that runs throughout the head, neck, and body

Question 64

SSNS

Answer 64

sensory information received from the body (like touch, sight, and sound)

Question 65

A part of the brain that controls balance, coordination, and other motor functions

Answer 65

Cerebellum

Question 66

The outermost layer of the brain, made up of gray matter and responsible for many of the brain's functions

Answer 66

Cerebral Cortex

Question 67

Controls, personality, the way you think, how you move and how you remember things

Answer 67

Frontal Lobe

Question 68

Controls visual processing

Answer 68

Occipital Lobe

Question 69

Processes sensory information

Answer 69

Parietal Lobe

Question 70

Controls how you communicate with others, your ability to access memories, use language and process emotions

Answer 70

Temporal Lobe