Test 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Moore’s Law
A
Gordon Moore, stated that the speed of a computer doubles every 18 months (captures principle)
2
Q
Abstract reasoning
A
ability to make and manipulate models
3
Q
Systems thinking
A
ability to model the components of the system to connect the inputs and outputs among those components into a sensible whole that reflects the structure and dynamics of the phenomenon observed.
4
Q
collaboration
A
the activity of two or more people working together to achieve a common goal.
5
Q
experimentation
A
making a reasoned analysis of an opportunity, envisioning potential solutions, evaluating those possibilities, and developing the most promising ones, consistent wither resources.
6
Q
system
A
a group of components that interact to achieve some purpose
7
Q
information system
A
a group of components that interact to produce information
8
Q
five-component framework
A
hardware, software, data, procedure, and people
9
Q
computer-based information
A
information system that includes a computer
10
Q
management information system
A
the management and use of information systems that help businesses achieve their strategies.
11
Q
information technology
A
refers to the products, methods, inventions, and standards that are used for the purpose of producing information.
12
Q
strong password
A
12 characters, no username, real name, use special characters.
13
Q
business process
A
network of activities for accomplishing a business function.
14
Q
business process modeling notation (BPMN)
A
view chart pg. 31 international standard for creating business process diagrams.
15
Q
thin circle
A
start
16
Q
thick circle
A
end
17
Q
rounded square
A
activity
18
Q
rounded square
A
subprocess
19
Q
rhombus
A
data repository
20
Q
diamond
A
decision
21
Q
dotted arrow
A
data flow
22
Q
arrow
A
control flow
23
Q
[
A
annotation
24
Q
swimlane format
A
a graphical arrangement in which all of the activities for a given role (Job type) are shown in a single vertical lane.
25
activities
in each swim lane, specific tasks that need to be accomplished as part of the process
26
role
subset of activities in a business process that is performed by an actor
27
actor
person, group, department, organization, or information system
28
repository
collection of data that is stored within the business process
29
data flows
labeled dashed lines, represent the movement of data from one activity to another
30
sequence flows
sold lines bw activities, states next action
31
effective business process
one that enables the organization to accomplish its strategy
32
efficiency
the ratio of benefits to costs
33
information
knowledge derived from data, data is recorded facts or figures
34
data characteristics
accurate, timely, relevant, sufficient, worth cost
35
five forces model
helps organizations determine the potential profitability of an industry, understanding organizations competitive environments
36
competitive forces
competition from vendors of substitutes, competition from new competitors, competition from existing rivals
37
bargaining power forces
bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of customers
38
competitive strategy
industry wide and cost (lowest cost across the industry), industry wide and differentiation (better product/service across the industry), focus and cost (lowest cost within an industry segment), focus and differentiation (better product/service within an industry segment)
39
value
amount of money that a customer is willing to pay for a resource, product, or service
40
margin
difference between the value that an activity generates and the cost of the activity
41
value chain
network of value-creating activities
42
primary activities
business functions that relate directly to the production of the organization's product or services
43
support activities
business functions that assist and facilitate the primary activities
44
linkages
interactions across value activities
45
switching costs
organizations lock in customers by making it difficult or expensive for customers to switch to another product. Example of locking in customers by making them use your mobile app to access some service
46
competitive advantage
Product Implementations 1. new product or service 2. enhance product 3. differentiate Process Implementations 4. lock in customers and buyers 5. lock in suppliers 6. raise barriers to market entry 7. establish alliance 8. reduce costs
47
mobile systems
information systems that support users in motion. Smart device smartphone, tablet, cloud-based resources.
48
mobile devices
small, light weight, power conserving computing device that is capable of wireless connectivity
49
m-commerce
mobil e commerce
50
5 components of mobile change and opportunity
hardware, software, data, procedures, people
51
just in time date
data delivered to the user at the precise time it is needed
52
native application
thick-client application that is designed to work with a particular operating system and sometimes even designed to work only w a particular mobile device that runs that operating system
53
object-oriented
they can be used to create difficult, complex applications that will result in high-performance code that is easy to alter when requirements change
54
user interface
the presentation format of an application
55
user experience
refers to UI and the way that the application affects the user's emotions and motivation to continue to use the interface
56
chrome
visual overhead in a computer display
57
direct interaction
using content to drive application behavior (blue underline will take you to website)
58
context-sensitive chrome
pops up in the display when appropriate
59
charms
windows 8, icons that slide in from the right of the display
60
roaming
occurs when users move their activities, especially long-running transactions (reading book) across devices.
61
push data
data that the server sends to or pushes onto the device
62
pull data
data that the device requests from the server
63
bring your own device policy
statement concerning employees permissions and responsibilities when using their own device for organizational business
64
mobile device management software
install and update software, back up and restore mobile devices, wipe employer software and data from devices , report usage, etc.
65
computer hardware
consists of electronic components and related gadgetry that input, process, output and store data according to instructions encoded in computer programs or software
66
central processing unit (CPU)
the brain of the computer, selects instructions, processes them, performs arithmetic and logical comparisons, and stores realists of operations in memory
67
dual-processor
computer with two CPUs
68
quad-processor
computers have four CPUs
69
main memory
CPU reads data and instructions from memory and then stores the results in main memory. Sometimes called RAM for random access memory
70
storage hardware
used to save data and programs (hard disks and flash drives)
71
personal computers (pc)
classic computing devices that are used by individuals
72
server
computer that is designed to support processing requests from many remote computers and users
73
clients
pc, tablets, and smartphone that access servers
74
server farm
collection of thousands of servers
75
binary digits (bits)
zero or one. computer can be designed so open switch is zero and closed switch is one.
76
bytes
grouped into 8-bit chunks
77
kilobyte
1,024 bytes
78
megabyte
1,024 kilobytes
79
gigabyte
1,024 megabytes
80
terabyte
1,024 gigabytes
81
petabyte
1,024 terabytes
82
exabyte
1,024 petabytes
83
zettabyte
1,024 exabytes
84
volatile
meaning their contents are lost when power is off
85
nonvolatile
meaning their contents survive when power is off
86
Internet of Things
the idea that objects are becoming connected to the internet so that they can interact with other devices, apps, or services
87
smart device
adding more process power, memory, internet access, wifi, interconnection
88
hertz
clue speed expressed in cycles
89
self-driving car
use a variety of sensors to navigate like a traditional car but without human intervention
90
operating system
a program that controls that computer's resources
91
native applications (thick client applications)
programs that are written to use a particular operating system
92
web applications (thin-client applications)
designed to run within computer browser such as firefox, chrome, internet explorer, opera
93
Microsoft windows
nonmobile client operating systems used on personal computers
94
modern-style applications
applications are touch-screen oriented and provide context-sensitive popup menus
95
Mac OS
macintoshes own operating system
96
virtualization
the process by which one physical computer hosts many different virtual computers within it
97
host operating system (virtual machines)
runs one or more operating systems as applications. Each vm has disk space
98
PC virtualization
personal computer such as laptop hosts several different operating systems.
99
server virtualization
server computer hosts one or more other server computers
100
desktop virtualization
server hosts many versions of desktop operating systems
101
license
buy a computer program, do not own program
102
site license
flat fee that authorizes the organizations to install the product (operating system or application) on all of that organization's computers
103
application software
performs a service or function
104
horizontal-market application
software provides capabilities common across all organizations and industries
105
vertical-market application
serves the need of a specific industry
106
one-of-a-kind application
software is developed for a specific, unique need
107
firmware
computer software that is installed into devices such as printers, print servers, and various types of communication devices
108
GNU
free unix like operating system
109
GNU general public license agreement
one of the standard license agreements for open source software
110
open source
software is typically free and modifiable , source code is publicly available
111
source code
computer code written by humans and understandable by humans
112
machine code
source code into machine code that is processed by computer
113
closed source
source code is highly protected and only available to trusted employees and some contractors
114
database
self-describing collection of integrated records
115
columns
bytes or characters are grouped into these and they are also called fields
116
fields
grouped into rows
117
rows or records
the collection of data for all columns
118
table or file
group of similar rows or records
119
key or primary key
column or group of columns that identifies a unique row in a table
120
foreign keys
columns that are keys but they are keys of a different (foreign) table than the one which they reside
121
relational database
databases that carry their data in the form of tables and that represent relationships using foreign keys
122
metadata
data that describe data
123
database management system (DBMS)
program used to create, process, and administer a database. License from vendors. DB2, Access, SQL, oracle, MySQL
124
structured query language (SQL)
international standard language from processing a database
125
database administration
wide range of activities. setting up security system
126
database application
collection of forms, reports, queries, and application programs that serves as an intermediary between users and database data
127
forms
view data, insert new, update existing, delete
128
reports
structured presentation of data using sorting and grouping
129
queries
search based upon data values provided by user
130
application programs
provide security, date consistency, and special purpose processing
131
graphical queries
query criteria are created when the user clicks a graphic
132
multiuser processing
traditional and thin-client apps involve multiple users processing the same data
133
lost-update data
special characteristic of multiuser database processing
134
MongoDB
open source document oriented DBMS
135
NOQL
software products that support very high transaction rates, processing relatively simple data structures, replicated on many servers in the cloud
136
cloud
the elastic leasing of pooled computer resources over the internet
137
elastic
computing resources leased can be increased or decreased dynamically, programmatically in a short span of time and that organizations pay for just the resources they use.
138
pooled
many different organizations use the same physical hardware, they share that hardware through virtualization
139
over the internet
request and receive info over internet
140
service-oriented architecture (SOA)
way of designing computer based programs so they can be flexibly combined, like lego blocks for cloud processing. formally define the services they perform, the data they expect, and the results they produce
141
web service standards
worldwide standards that programs use to declare what they do, the structure of the data they process, and the ways they will communicate
142
web services
SOA designed programs that comply w web service standards
143
software as a service (SaaS)
provides only hardware infrastructure, but also an operating system and application programs
144
Platform as a service (Paas)
vendors provide hosted computers, an operating system, and possibly a DBMS
145
infrastructure as a service (Iaas)
the cloud of hosting of a bare server computer or data storage. have to load own operating system
146
virtual private network
uses the internet to create the appearance of private, secure connections
147
tunnel
vpn client and vpn server connection. codes messages and then uncodes the messages over public internet
148
private cloud
cloud that is owned and operated by an organization for its own benefit
149
virtual private cloud
a subset of a public cloud that has highly restricted, secure access. Builds own on public cloud. Store more sensitive data here with permission
150
remote action systems
IS that provide computer based activity or action at a distance
151
telediagnosis
diagnos illness from distance in rural remote areas
152
telesurgery
telecommunications to link surgeons to robitic equip at distance
153
telelaw enforcement
photo-enforced
