Test 1 General Principles Flashcards
(49 cards)
This bond results from a head-on overlap of two atomic orbitals.
Sigma bond
What is bond strength?
The amount of energy needed to break or form a specific bond.
What is bond length?
The optimum distance between 2 nuclei for maximum stability.
What type of bond results from sideways overlap of atomic orbitals?
A pi bond
A double bond is comprised of:
1 sigma bond, 1 pi bond
A triple bond is comprised of
1 signature bond, 2 pi bond
What bond angle is associated with a tetrahedral arrangement?
109 degrees
What bond angle is associated with a trigonal planar arrangement?
120 degrees
What bond angle is associated with a linear arrangement?
180 degrees
If a difference of electronegativity is equal to 2.0 or greater,
The bond is Ionic
If a difference of electronegativity is between .5 and 2.0 the bond is
Polar covalent
If a difference of electronegativity is equal to or less than .5
The bond is non polar covalent
The shifting of electrons in a sigma bond. ___ inductively donate and ___ inductively withdraw.
Inductive effect ; metals, nonmetals
All polar bonds in a substance add together to give net molecular polarity, measured by the ___.
Dipole moment
mew = charge @ ends of dipole times the distance between charges
Dipole moment
What kind of molecule has no dipole moment?
Symmetrical molecules
Calculate owned electrons
of bonds + all unshared electrons
Calculate formal charge
of valence electrons - owned
What 2 ways do resonance forms differ?
placement of pi bonds or nonbonding electrons.
Three typical shifts in resonance.
pi bon to adjacent atom, pi bond to adjacent bond, atom to adjacent bond
Bronstead Lowry acid ___ proton; base ____
donates; accepts
The acidity constant describes
an acids strenght; ability to donate a proton
Stronger acids have a ___ Ka
larger
The reaction favors the ___ pKa value
larger
