Test 1 - History & Methods Flashcards

Question

does correlation prove causation

Answer 1

NO ex. smoking doesn't CAUSE lung cancer, but it increases the chance of getting it - some ppl have never smoked and still get lung cancer (+ vice versa)

Answer 2

study a single person or small group, very in depth

Answer 3

asks many people to report their behavior/surveys, less in depth, subjective, lot of information, wording effect

Answer 4

poor word choice = poor data participants don't know what the questions mean

Answer 5

watching and recording behavior of organisms in their natural environment, not much control for observer

Answer 6

represents population by taking random portion to represent entire data set, generalizes, lotteries or random draws

Answer 7

a number ( -1 through 1) that represents that strength of a relationship in a data set closer to -1 or 1 = strong relationship 0 or close to 0 = weak to no relationship

Answer 8

two like statements (more-more and less-less) ex. "more of this means an increase of this" and "a decrease in this means less of this"

Answer 9

2 unlike statements ( more-less ) ex. "raising this means a decrease in that"

Answer 10

+ corr. - + slope (increasing left to right) - corr. - - slope (decreasing left to right)

Answer 11

data shows a relationship, but there isn't actually one ex. ice cream and murder - both tend to peak at the same time of the year, but for different reasons - data would show that there's a relationship, but it isn't true

Answer 12

corr. - studies uncover preexisting relationships experimental - manipulates factors to determine specific effect

Answer 13

study participants and staff don't know who is in the placebo group and who is in the experimental group

Answer 14

group that doesn't receive treatment, used as baseline

Answer 15

randomly assigning participants to exp. or control groups, minimizes difference in population group, takes out bias

Answer 16

fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

Answer 17

high school students and drugs - excludes drop outs and homeschoolers

Answer 18

strong gen. means a study can apply to a broad group of people and situations, basically how much it can be applied to a larger group of people / generalized

Answer 19

ineffectual treatment, perceived to have an impact by participant but doesn't used for control groups ex. sugar pills with anti-depressant testing

Answer 20

factor being changed, effect is being studied

Answer 21

outcome factor, impact of tested drug, how success is measured

Answer 22

allows one to generalize, infer, and draw conclusions on our own - kind of obvious

Answer 23

normal - has symmetry and graph shaped like upside down v neg. direction - no symmetry, peak of graph is towards right hand side of graph pos. direction - no symmetry, peak leans toward left hand

Answer 24

institutional review board they protect rights and welfare of human research subjects

Answer 25

institutional animal care and use committee oversees animal studies to ensure their safety, protection, and wellbeing

Answer 26

american psychological association oversees standards and practices in studies, especially with ethics

Answer 27

participant should know what they're getting into so they can chose to get involved or not

Answer 28

post experimental process to explain the study and results of experiments to participants plus any rehabilitation if needed - counseling, therapy, etc.

Answer 29

american culture is focused on work so mental illness and diagnosing deals with the ability to function and participate in society

Answer 30

bible of mental illness - provides list of symptoms associated with different mental illnesses to diagnose patients with

Answer 31

all sensation, thought, and body movement came from the brain

Answer 32

human knowledge is innate

Answer 33

to believe something, have to observe it

Answer 34

mind is blank at birth, you are what you experience

Answer 35

ancient technique to "drain" headaches or mental illnesses

Answer 36

to explain human behavior and emotions

Answer 37

assessment and treatment of mental illnesses, more training/education, can't prescribe medications

Answer 38

day to day issues, not as much education, can't prescribe

Answer 39

medical doctor, specialization, can prescribe

Answer 40

turns concepts of a study into something that can be measured defining language and terms of study ex. feelings into scale of 1-10