Test 1 Information Flashcards
How did Plato go against Protegorean Relativist Theory
Relalivists said everyone is right based on their own opinion. Plato said people can be wrong because opinions need justification
Properties of the Forms
Objectivists say:
we are atuned to the form of things
highest form is the form of the good
form of the good= form that illuminates all of the forms
3 Parts of the soul
Triparte Soul:
appetitive: bodily needs (lowest and most dangerous part)
spirited: emotions and the motivations
rational: rational desire for truth and understanding (most important)
The Charioteer
rational part of the triparte soul. Keeps the appetive and spirited parts in line
Ring of Gyges Story
the desire for the material object and power corrupted absolutely. Polluted the soul
Plato’s feelings towards Democracy
very bad, it was responsible for his mentor’s death, situation unstable and chaotic
why be moral
to have a healthy soul
Triparte Society
producers (appetitive): makes/ provides goods and services
auxiliaries (spirited): physically protect societies/police
guardians (rational): leadership of society/philosopher kings
why must knowledge be more than true belief
requires justification
some things are true, some are false
some can’t be right based on opinion
Advantages and Disadvantages of Virtue Ethics
Advantages: flexible, positive, more attuned to human psychology, assesses character
Disadvantages: too relative, sufficiently action-guiding, human nature, egoistic
Virute
a state of character concerned with choice, lying in a mean, ie the mean relative to us, being determined by a rational principle and by that principle by which the person of practical wisdom would determine
State of character: habit
choice: act by reason of ignorance or in ignorance
willpower: ability to pick virtue over other vices
the properties of Eudaimonia
Eudaimonia: well being
activity of the soul in accordance with virtue
well being, potential and virtue becomes actual
The Properties of a True End
True Final End:
good in itself
objectively good: everyone ought to want it
compute: only thing you need
self sufficient: doesn’t need embellishment
Human Nature
Mean Relative to Us, between two vices, deciding amongst vices to find a virtue (deciding by situation). Find a balance (ex: courage between rashness and cowardice)
4 primary virtues
wisdom-reason in charge
courage- spirit directs itself
temperance-appetitive submits to the other two
justice-when you have all the other virtues
Good Will Characteristics-
stable, committed to reason
good mental abilities and qualities of temperment such as courage and perseverance
The consequences do not make up the good will just as feelings don’t make it up
3 Formulations of the Categorical Imperative
Categorical Imperative is to ignore desires and do the right thing.
- Universal Law-think less of consequences to you and think more of it as consequences to the rule
- Person’s as Ends- People have moral Worth
- Autonomous Legislator- Your will can regard itself
Advantages and Disadvantages of Kantian Ethics
Advantages- Absolutist (single answer)
Disadvantages- Formalism, Rationalism, and Absolutism
Psychological vs Ethical Hedonism
Psychological Hedonism- People do things for pleasure
Ethical Hedonism- People should do the right thing because it is the right thing to do
GHGN
Greatest Happiness for the Greatest Number
Outlooks Bentham was dissatisfied with
asceticism
principles of sympathy and antipathy
pure egoism
pure altruism
7 criteria of Utilitarianism
intensity duration certainty/uncertainty propinquinty/remuteness fecundity purity extent
Act. Util v. Rule Util
Act-an act is only good if it provides as much good as any alternative
Rule-an act is right if it conforms to a rule that does the greatest good
Advantages and Disadvantages of Consequentialism
advantage-
single answer
welfarism
Disadvantage- greatest happiness or greatest number happiness bonded rationality unjustness compromise your integrity
