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Parent Child 2 > Test 1 (Mod 1 and 2) > Flashcards

Test 1 (Mod 1 and 2) Flashcards

1
Q

1 Year Old Vitals

A

P 120, R 30, BP 90/56

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2
Q

10 Year Old Vitals

A

P 90, R 20, BP 100/61

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2
Q

14 Year Old Female Vitals

A

P 85, R 16, BP 114/65

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2
Q

14 Year Old Male Vitals

A

P 80, R 16, BP 114/65

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3
Q

18 Year Old Female Vitals

A

P 75, R 16, BP 121/70

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4
Q

2 Year Old Vitals

A

P 110, R 25, BP 91/55

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4
Q

4 Year Old Vitals

A

P 100, R 25, BP 92/55

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4
Q

6 Year Old Vitals

A

P 100, R 22, BP 96/57

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4
Q

18 Year Old Male Vitals

A

P 70, R 16, BP 121/70

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5
Q

Acute Pain

A

Sudden onset and continuing for a limited period. Experienced during and after procedures, postoperatively, from fractures, and from other bodily insults or injuries.

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7
Q

Adjusted Age

A

Used when describing developmental age of premature infants. The number of weeks premature is subtracted from the chronological age to determine infants developmental age or level. Stopped by age 2 years

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8
Q

Adolescent Nutrition Requirements

A

60-80 kcal/kg/day- 1500-3000 kcal/day (11-14) 2100-3900 kcal/day (15-18). Protein 34-52 grams/day Require increased calcium for skeletal growth Final molars erupt at end of adolescent period. May need orthodontist

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8
Q

Always measure head circumference of a child suspected of having

A

A neurological problem or developmental delay

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8
Q

Affective Function of Families

A

Psychological needs

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8
Q

Adolescents may consent for treatment related to

A

sexually transmitted diseases, contraception, and alcohol and drug abuse

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9
Q

Anterior Fontanel closes by

A

18 months

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9
Q

Anterior Fontanel closes by

A

12 to 18 months

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9
Q

Amblyopia

A

Blindness caused by weak eye muscle

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10
Q

Apical pulse found at ________ until age 7

A

4th intercostal space

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10
Q

Apical pulse found at _______ after age 7

A

5th intercostal space

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10
Q

Assent

A

obtain an agreement with the child if they are over the age of 7

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11
Q

Assess for congenital hip dislocation until

A

1 year of age

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12
Q

Assess the following lymph nodes

A

Head and neck. Supraclavicular. Axillary Region. Arms. Inguinal Region.

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13
Q

Assess the head for

A

Symmetry. Movement. Control. Shape.

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14
Q

Associative Play

A

play together engaging in similar type of activity without organization or goals. Rely on own wants/desires to dictate activities. May borrow toys or follow activities but no leader or rules. Characteristic of preschoolers.

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15
Q

Authoritarian Parenting

A

Expect obedience without any questioning about the reasoning behind the rules.

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16
Q

Authoritative Parenting

A

tend to show the respect for the opinions of their children by allowing them to be different.

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17
Q

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

A

1 to 3 years. Increased ability to control self and environment. Practices and attains new physical skills, and develops autonomy. Symbolizes independence by controlling body secretions, saying “no” when asked to do something, and directing motor activity. Develops self-confidence and willpower, and develops shame if criticized or unsuccessful.

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18
Q

Avoid honey until

A

1 year of age

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18
Q

Calculate body mass index (BMI) for children over

A

Age 3

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18
Q

Barlow’s Maneuver

A

Test for congenital hip dislocation 1. With infant supine, flex knees while holding thumbs on mid-thighs and fingers over greater trochanters. 2. Adduct legs until thumbs touch.

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18
Q

Babinski Reflex

A

stroke up lateral edge and across ball of foot. Positive reflex is fanning of toes. May have adult reflex of flexion of toes. Should have same response bilaterally.

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18
Q

Calcium levels may be increased in

A

Multiple fractures, or Hyperparathyroidism

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18
Q

Calcium levels may be decreased in

A

lack of calcium or Vitamin D intake, burns, or diarrhea

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18
Q

AWHONN

A

Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses

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20
Q

Cephalocaudal development

A

Process by which development proceeds from head downward through body towards feet

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21
Q

Cerumen

A

ear wax

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22
Q

Child should be able to differentiate colors by age

A

5 years

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22
Q

Check for scoliosis in

A

school age and adolescent children

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23
Q

Child should have ______ teeth by late ________

A

32, adolescence

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24
Q

Children who are immunologically compromised…

A

Should not receive live bacterial or viral vaccines

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24
Q

Children with mild to moderate pain should receive

A

Acetaminophen

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25
Q

Children with moderate to severe pain should receive

A

Opioids

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26
Q

Chloride levels may be decreased in

A

Diarrhea, vomiting, acute infections, burns, or metabolic alkalosis

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27
Q

Chloride levels may be increased in

A

Dehydration, high serum Na levels, metabolic acidosis

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28
Q

Chronic Illness is defined by

A

A condition that is long-term, lasting for more than 3 months. Does not spontaneously resolve. Is without a complete cure. Has residual characteristics. Limits activities of daily living.

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29
Q

Chronological Age

A

age in years

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29
Q

Chronic Pain

A

Unpredictable time limit, unlikely to resolve quickly, affecting child’s ability to live a normal life, experienced in conditions such as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, sickle cell disease, and cancer.

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30
Q

Communicating with a child that speaks another language

A

Identify an interpreter. Use communication board. Learn commonly used words of items Learn about the culture. Use play strategies, since this is a universal language.

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31
Q

Communicating with a child with a profound neurologic impairment

A

Address the child when entering and exiting the room. Gently touch the child while saying the child’s name. Speak softly, calmly, and slowly to allow the child time to process what you are saying. While in the room with the child, talk to the child. Do not talk as if the child is not there. Talk about activities and objects in the room. Allow adequate time to respond to questions. Pay attention to gestures.

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32
Q

Communicating with child with hearing impairment

A

assess self help skills. Identify families method of communication and use it if possible. Encourage family to stay with child. If sign language is used, learn most commonly used signs. Keep a chart of signs near the bed. Develop communication board. Gently touch child before speaking. Always face child when speaking. Child may be a lip reader. Nonverbal communication can speak as loudly if not louder than speech.

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33
Q

Communicating with child with visual impairment

A

Walk child around room to orient to surroundings. Encourage family member to stay with the child. Identify self when walking in room. Allow child to handle equipment as procedure is explained.

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34
Q

Concept of death for 0-2 year olds

A

Death as loss of the caretaker

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34
Q

Concept of death for 2-7 year olds

A

Death as a reversible and temporary separation

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34
Q

Concept of death for 12 year olds (adolescents)

A

Death as inevitable and irreversible but often as a distant event.

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35
Q

Concept of death for 7-12 year olds

A

Death as sad and irreversible but not necessarily inevitable

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36
Q

Concrete Stage of Piaget

A

Thoughts become increasingly logical and coherent. Able to shift attention from one perceptual attribute to another (decent ration). Concrete thinkers: view things as “black or white, right or wrong, no in between or gray areas.” Able to classify and sort facts, do problem solving. Acquires conservation skills.

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37
Q

Cooperative Play

A

organized group play with rules, goals, and a plan. There is a leader responsible for division of labor and direction of activities. Characteristic of children and adolescents.

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37
Q

Creativity

A

experiment and try out ideas can be supported or stifled

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38
Q

Deciduous teeth by age 2 1/2 to 3 years

A

20

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38
Q

Deciduous teeth erupt by

A

about six months of age

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39
Q

Decreased RBC may be seen in

A

Anemia, leukemia, and after hemorrhage

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41
Q

Development

A

Continuous, orderly series of conditions that lead to activities, new motives for activities, and eventual patterns of behavior

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42
Q

Developmental Age

A

Age based on functional behavior and ability to adapt to the environment

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43
Q

Differentialtion

A

Development from simple operations to more complex activities and functions

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43
Q

Dramatic, symbolic or pretend play

A

act out and practice roles and identities modeled by member of family and society. “Medical situations encountered are reenacted by the children.”

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44
Q

Elevated RBC may be seen in

A

Severe diarrhea or dehydration

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44
Q

Economic Function of Families

A

Allocation of economic resources

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45
Q

Family hx is for

A

discovering potential or actual existence of hereditary or familial diseases in child or parents

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45
Q

Facies

A

facial expression and appearance of child

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45
Q

Epicanthal Folds are common in

A

Asian children, suggestive of Down’s Syndrome in others.

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45
Q

Female internal exam and Pap test start

A

within 3 years of beginning vaginal intercourse, or by 21 years of age

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46
Q

Fine motor development for toddler (1-3 years)

A

Uses cup well by 15 months Builds a tower of two cubes or blocks by 15 mo. Holds crayon with fingers by 24-30 months Good hand-finger coordination by 30 months Copies a circle by 3 years

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47
Q

Formal Operations Stage of Piaget

A

Able to logically manipulate abstract and unobservable concepts. Adaptable and flexible. Able to deal with contradictions. Uses scientific approach to problem solve. Able to conceive the distant future.

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48
Q

Fremitus

A

Conduction of voice sounds through respiratory tract

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49
Q

Games

A

progresses from imitative to formal to competitive

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49
Q

General Consent

A

routine procedures such as medication administration

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51
Q

Genogram

A

Needs three generations. “Family Tree”

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52
Q

Gross motor development for toddler (1-3 years)

A

Walks without help by 15 months Jumps in place by 18 months Goes up stairs (with 2 feet on each step) by 24 mo. Runs fairly well (wide stance) by 24 months

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54
Q

Growth

A

An increase in physical size of a whole or any of its parts

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56
Q

Growth during Adolescence (13 to 18 years)

A

Weight is rapid- girls 15 to 55 lbs. Boys 15-65 lbs. Height- attain final 20% of mature height- Girls 3 in/yr Boys 4 in/yr (spurt at 13)

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58
Q

Growth during Preschool years (3 to 6 years)

A

Weight is slow and steady (4 to 5 lbs per year) Height increases 2 to 3 inches per year

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58
Q

Growth during school age years (6 to 12 years)

A

Weight steady slow. 5 lbs per year Height increases 1 to 2 inches per year

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60
Q

Growth slows at

A

12-18 months

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61
Q

Head circumference is the best indicator of

A

Brain growth

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61
Q

Head circumference exceeds chest circumference until

A

between 1 and 2 years of age.

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62
Q

Healthy People 2020 focus of child health care

A

Prevention and health promotion

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62
Q

Health Care Function of Families

A

Provision of physical necessities of life

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63
Q

Height at 2 years

A

50% of future adult height

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64
Q

Hematocrit may be decreased in

A

Anemias or after blood loss

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65
Q

Hematocrit may be elevated in

A

Dehydration

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66
Q

Hemoglobin may be increased in

A

Polycythemia, or COPD

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66
Q

Hemoglobin may be decreased in

A

Anemias, after blood loss, or excessive fluid intake

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67
Q

Hep B immunization schedule

A

1st- after birth 2nd- 1 to 4 months 3rd- 6 to 18 months

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69
Q

Hib (Haemophilus Influenzae type B) immunization schedule

A

1st- 2 months 2nd- 4 months 3rd- 6 months 4th- 12-18 months

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69
Q

Hepatitis A immunization schedule

A

1st- 12-23 months 2nd- at least 6 months later in selected areas

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70
Q

Hirschberg Test

A

Shine light on cornea while child looks straight ahead. Light should reflect symmetrically in center of both pupils. Unequal reflection may indicate strabismus

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71
Q

How to promote relaxation during abdominal exam

A

Have child place one hand under yours

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73
Q

Identity vs. Role Confusion

A

12 to 18 years. Rapid and marked physical changes. Preoccupation with physical appearance. Examines and redefines self, family, peer group, and community. Experiments with different roles. Peer group very important. If successful, develops confidence in self-identity and optimism. If unable to establish meaningful definition of self, develops role confusion.

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73
Q

If restraints are used…

A

remove them every 1-2 hours for range of motion movement, repositioning and to offer the child food or opportunity to use the bathroom

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74
Q

If uncircumcised, foreskin should be retractable by

A

3 months

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76
Q

Industry vs. Inferiority

A

6 to 12 years. Middle years of childhood. Development of new interests and involvement in activities. Learns to follow rules. Acquires reading, writing, math, and social skills If successful, develops confidence and enjoys learning about new things. When compared to others, may feel inadequate, inferior, if too much is expected.

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77
Q

Infant and Toddler Responses to Pain

A

Infants will have increases in BP and HR, and decrease in arterial O2 saturation. Harsh, tense, or loud crying. Facial grimacing, flinching, thrashing of extremities. Toddlers will verbally indicate discomfort. Generalized restlessness, uncooperative, clings to family member.

77
Q

Infant and children receiving IV and epidural opioids should be monitored by

A

pulse oximetry

79
Q

Infant should be able to hold head erect by

A

4 months of age

80
Q

Influenza immunization schedule

A

Annually beginning at age 6 months or older. For first dose, child 6 months to 8 years should receive 2 doses, 4 weeks apart

80
Q

Informed Consent

A

procedures that involve risk to the child, such as surgery

82
Q

Initiative vs. Guilt

A

3 to 6 years. Explores the physical world with all senses, initiates new activities, and considers new ideas. Demonstrates initiative by being able to formulate and carry out a plan of action. Develops a conscience. If successful, develops direction and purpose. If criticized, leads to feelings of guilt and a lack of purpose.

83
Q

Intellectual development

A

learn colors, shapes, sizes, textures, and significance of objects. Association of words with objects, abstract meaning and spatial relationships (up down over) play helps them understand the world and distinguish between fantasy and reality

84
Q

Introduce Fruits or vegetables at

A

6-8 months

86
Q

Introduce meats at

A

8-10 months

88
Q

Introduce rice cereal at

A

4-6 months

90
Q

IPV (Inactivated poliovirus vaccine) immunization schedule

A

1st- 2 months 2nd- 4 months 3rd- 6 to 18 months 4th- 4-6 years

91
Q

Lordosis

A

exaggerated curvature of lumbar spine

92
Q

Lordosis is _________ in infants

A

Normal

94
Q

Lose first deciduous teeth at age

A

Six. By age 12 has all permanent teeth, except final molars

95
Q

Magnesium levels may be decreased in

A

protein malnutrition, hypokalemia, or chronic diarrhea.

96
Q

Magnesium levels may be increased in

A

Severe dehydration, renal failure, early diabetes, and leukemia.

98
Q

Major source of subjective data from family and child

A

Nursing History

100
Q

Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) immunization schedule

A

1st- 12 to 15 months 2nd- 4 to 6 years

101
Q

Measure BP annually in children over

A

3 years of age

103
Q

Measure head circumference at every physical assessment for

A

Infants and toddlers under age 2

104
Q

Medial Femoral Torsion

A

Entire leg turned in along with foot

105
Q

Medial Tibial Torsion

A

Entire foot turned in while knee remains straight

106
Q

Metatarsus Varus

A

Forefoot turned in

108
Q

Mongolian Spots

A

Bluish colored areas common on the buttocks or lower back of the dark skinned infant. Disappear with age.

109
Q

Moro Reflex

A

Startle reflex. Disappears by 3 months

109
Q

Moral value

A

learned at home but reinforced in playing with other children

110
Q

Most important consideration for the successful assessment of a child

A

Developmental Level

111
Q

Motor development of preschooler (3 to 6 years)

A

Skips and hops on one foot by 4 years Rides tricycle by 3 years Throws and catches ball well by 5 years Balances on alternate feet by 5 years Knows 2100 words by 5 years Increased strength and refinement of fine and gross motor abilities

112
Q

Narcan (naloxone) should be used…

A

to reverse opioid respiratory depression if oxygen and stimulation are ineffective

114
Q

Newborn Vitals

A

P 120, R 35, BP 73/50

115
Q

Normal Calcium (Ca) levels

A

4.4 to 5.8 mEq/L

116
Q

Normal Hematorcrit levels

A

30% to 54%

116
Q

Normal Hemoglobin levels

A

10.3 to 18 g/dL

116
Q

Normal Chloride (Cl) levels

A

95-105 mEq/L

117
Q

Normal Magnesium (Mg) levels

A

1.6 to 2.6 mEq/L

118
Q

Normal Platelet (thrombocyte) levels

A

150,000 to 465,000/mm3

119
Q

Normal Potassium (K) levels

A

3.5 to 5.5 mEq/L

120
Q

Normal RBC for children

A

3.2 to 5.2 million/mm3

121
Q

Normal Sodium (Na) levels

A

135-145 mEq/L

122
Q

Normal WBC (leukocytes) levels

A

5,000 to 13,000/mm3

123
Q

Nursing Interventions for Preschooler Fears

A

Encourage parents to participate in child care. Allow child to express feeling. Give simple explanations. Avoid Med Terms. Provide therapeutic play. Allow child to manipulate and play with equipment. Maintain trusting relationship with parents and child. Allow time for questions. Praise child, focus on desired behavior, and give rewards.

124
Q

Nursing Interventions to Separation Anxiety

A
  1. Goal is to preserve child’s trust. 2. Reassure child that parents will return. 3. Provide “rooming in” to encourage parent-child attachment. 4. Have parents leave personal article, picture, or favorite toy with child. 5. Maintain usual routine and rituals whenever possible. 6. Allow choices, whenever possible, to return control to parent and child.
125
Q

Onlooker

A

play children watch older children but do not attempt to interact

127
Q

Ortolani’s Maneuver

A

Test for congenital Hip Dislocation. 1. With infant supine, flex knees while holding thumbs on mid-thighs and fingers over greater trochanters. 2. Abduct legs, moving knees outward and down toward table.

128
Q

Overall pattern of growth is more important than

A

any single measurement

129
Q

Pain assessment in adolescents

A

Can describe quantity and location of the pain

130
Q

Pain assessment in neonates and infants

A

Rapid changes in behavioral state. Distinctive motor movements associated with pain

130
Q

Pain assessment in preschoolers

A

Cry and struggle. May deny pain.

131
Q

Pain assessment in school age children

A

Stiff body posture. Withdrawn.

132
Q

Pain assessment in toddlers

A

Generalized restlessness. Guarding of the painful site. Excessive crying.

133
Q

Pain assessment tools

A

Adolescent and pediatric pain tool. CRIES pain scale. COMFORT scale. Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) FACES pain rating scale. Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) The Oucher Scale Poker Chip Tool Visual Analog scale (VAS)

134
Q

Pain is…

A

Whatever the person experiencing pain says it is, existing whenever the person says it does. Infants an children are often unable to communicate the presence, location, and type of pain.

136
Q

Palmar grasp reflex

A

pressing finger into infants hands should produce grasp strong enough to pull infant into sitting position. Disappears by 3-4 months

137
Q

Parallel play

A

play that is not influenced by other children playing in the same area. Play beside and not with each other with similar toys. Characteristic of toddlers.

138
Q

Parents will consent for…

A

a minor child

140
Q

Permanent eye color by

A

9 months

141
Q

Permissive Parenting

A

have little or no control over the behavior of their children

143
Q

Physical Assessment Approach for Adolescent

A

Explain findings. Proceed as for school age child

144
Q

Physical Assessment Approach for Infants

A

Child lying flat or held in parents arms. Use distraction with older infant. Assess heart, pulse, lungs, respirations, and fontanels while quiet, then head to toe. Eyes, ears, and mouth near end. Check reflexes as body parts are examined. Moro Reflex Test.

145
Q

Physical Assessment Approach for Preschoolers

A

Allow to handle equipment. Head to toe if cooperative. Same as toddler if uncooperative.

147
Q

Physical Assessment Approach for Toddlers

A

Minimal contact initially. Allow to inspect equipment. Assess heart and lungs while quiet, then head to toe. Eyes, ears, and mouth last.

147
Q

Physical Assessment Approach for School Age

A

Respect Privacy. Explain procedures. Head to toe. Genitalia last.

148
Q

Plantar grasp reflex

A

touching ball of foot causes toes to curl downward tightly. Disappears by 8-10 months

150
Q

Play activities for Adolescents

A

Enjoys music, sports, peer group activities Relationships (dating) may begin

150
Q

Platelets may be increased in

A

Infections, acute blood loss, and splenectomy

151
Q

Play is the _______ of children

A

Work

153
Q

Pneumococcal Vaccine (PCV) immunization schedule

A

1st- 2 months 2nd- 4 months 3rd- 6 months 4th- 12 to 15 months PCV13 given to the older child

154
Q

Posterior Fontanel closes by

A

2 to 3 months

156
Q

Potassium may be increased (Hyperkalemia) in

A

Renal failure, severe burns or tissue trauma, or metabolic acidosis

157
Q

Preferred admin routes for analgesia

A

IV or PO

158
Q

Preferred site for IM vaccines to infants and children

A

Anterolateral thigh, or the deltoid in older children

160
Q

Preoperational Stage of Piaget

A

Forms symbolic thought. Exibits Egocentrism- unable to put oneself in the place of another. Unable to understand conservation. Increasing ability to use language. Play becomes more socialized. Can concentrate on only one characteristic of an object at a time (cent ration).

162
Q

Preschool Nutritional Requirements

A

90 kcal/kg/day 13 grams/day Protein

164
Q

Preschool Play

A

Enjoys imitative and dramatic play Imitates same-sex role in play Provide toys to develop motor and coordination skills (tricycle, clay, paints, swings, sliding board) Parental supervision of tele vision Enjoys sing along songs with rhythm

166
Q

Preschoolers Fears to Illness and Hospitalization

A

Major fears are mutilation and intrusive procedures. Perceives illness as punishment. Some separation anxiety will still exist.

167
Q

Preschoolers Response to Pain

A

Major fear of needles, will deny pain to avoid injection. Restlessness, irritability, cries, kicks with experiences of pain. Able to describe the location and intensity of pain.

169
Q

Proximodistal Development

A

Process by which development proceeds from center of body outward to extremities

171
Q

Puberty Changes during adolescence

A

Apocrine glands become active and may develop body odor. Appearance of acne on face, back, trunk. Development of secondary sex characteristics: Girls- develop breast development, menarche (ave 12.5 yrs), pubic hair. Boys- develop enlargement of testes (13 yrs), increase in scrotum and penis size, nocturnal emission, pubic hair, vocal changes, possibly gynecomastia

172
Q

Pull pinna ______ and _______ in older children

A

up, back

174
Q

Pull pinna _______ and ________ in infants

A

down, back. Canal is short and straight.

176
Q

Recumbent length with child supine and legs extended is used for ages

A

birth to 36 months

178
Q

Regression in Infant or Toddler

A

use of behavior that is more appropriate to an earlier stage of development, often used to cope with stress or anxiety. HELP PARENTS understand changes in behavior, and avoid punishment

179
Q

Reproductive Function of Families

A

Societal survival

180
Q

Ritualism

A

A toddlers need to maintain sameness and reliability; provides sense of comfort

181
Q

Roles of Professional Nurse

A

Care provider Teacher Collaborator Researcher Advocate Manager Advanced Practice Nurse/ Primary Care

182
Q

Rooting Reflex

A
  1. touch infant lip or cheek and infant should turn head toward stimulation and open mouth. 2. Should disappear by 3 to 4 months
183
Q

Rotavirus immunization schedule

A

1st- 2 months 2nd- 4 months 3rd- 6 months

184
Q

Safety for Adolescents

A

Accidents are leading cause of death (MVA, sports, firearms, suicide). Drug, alcohol, sex education.

185
Q

Scaphoid abdomen indicates

A

dehydration or malnutrition

187
Q

School Age Nutrition Requirements

A

85 kcal/kg/day Protein 19-35 grams/day

188
Q

School Age Play (cooperative)

A

Comprehends rules and rituals of games Enjoys team play Enjoys athletic activities Provide construction toys, puzzles, erector sets, Legos.

189
Q

School Age Safety (6 to 12 years)

A

Teach sex education Injury prevention- bike safety, firearms, smoking, hobbies

190
Q

School age vision

A

20/20 by age 6 to 7 years Myopia may appear by age 8

191
Q

Scoliosis

A

Lateral curvature of spine

193
Q

Secondary sex characteristics begin at:

A

10 years in girls 12 years in boys

194
Q

Self-awareness

A

active exploration of their body, separation from mother and developing self identity, test own ability, try roles, learn behavior with others.

195
Q

Sense pleasure play

A

non-social interactive stimulating experience, reacting to environment- light, color, taste, odors, textures. Pleasurable experiences are derived through touch, body motion and use of senses and abilities.

196
Q

Sensorimotor Development

A

all ages but major type of infancy, for muscle development and energy release. Exploration through senses and development of movement of body.

198
Q

Sensorimotor Stage of Piaget

A

An infant learns about world through senses and motor activity. Progresses from reflex activity through simple repetitive behaviors to imitative behaviors. Develops a sense of “cause and effect.” Curiosity, experimentation, and exploration result in the learning process. Object permanence is fully developed

199
Q

Sensory Development for toddler (1-3 years)

A

Binocular vision well developed by 15 months Knows one name by 12 months; refers to self Follows simple directions by 2 years Identifies geometric forms by 18 months Uses short sentences by 18 months to 2 years Remembers and repeats 3 numbers by 3 years Able to speak 300 words by 2 years

200
Q

Separation Anxiety

A

distress behavior that is observed in young children, between the ages of 6 and 30 months, when separated from familiar caregivers; peaks around 15 months.

201
Q

Should have _____ deciduous teeth by age 2 1/2

A

20

202
Q

Six Rights of Med Administration

A

Right Child Right Drug Right Dose Right Time Right Route Right Documentation

203
Q

Skill play

A

using new discovered skills of grasp and manipulation children practice over and over for proficiency but may lead to frustration along the way until they succeed.

204
Q

Social affective play

A

interacting with people as a reaction to attention and provoking interaction through smiling cooing etc.

205
Q

Platelets may be decreased in

A

Cancer, renal or liver disease, and aplastic anemia

207
Q

Socialization Function of Families

A

Productive members of society

208
Q

Sodium levels may be decreased in

A

Gastric suctioning, burns, or tissue injury

209
Q

Potassium may be decreased (Hypokalemia) in

A

Vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, gastric suctioning, or metabolic alkalosis

210
Q

Sodium levels may be increased in

A

Dehydration, severe vomiting, and diarrhea

211
Q

Solitary play

A

independent play, no effort is made to interact with other children

212
Q

Sometime called “Chief Complaint”

A

Reason for Seeking Care

213
Q

SQ locations for vaccines

A

Thigh or upper arm

214
Q

Stages of Erickson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development

A
  1. Trust vs. Mistrust (birth to 1 year) 2. Autonomy vs. Shame (1 to 3 years) 3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3 to 6 years) 4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6 to 12 years) 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (12 to 18 years)
215
Q

Stages of Grief

A

“DABDA” Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance

216
Q

Stages of Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development

A
  1. Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years) 2. Preoperational (2 to 7 years) 3. Concrete Operational (7 to 11 years) 4. Formal Operations (11 years to death)
217
Q

Stages of Separation Anxiety

A
  1. Protest- child appears sad, agitated, angry, inconsolable, watches desperately for parents to return. 2. Despair- child appears sad, hopeless, withdrawn; acts ambivalent when parents return. 3. Detachment- child appears happy, interested in environment, becomes attached to staff members; may ignore parents
218
Q

Stepping Reflex

A

hold infant upright and let feet touch a surface, and infant should appear to take steps in a walking motion. disappears by 2 months.

219
Q

Strabismus

A

Lack of eye muscle coordination

221
Q

Sucking Reflex

A

Infant should suck vigorously when gloved finger inserted in mouth. Disappears by 10-12 months.

222
Q

Talipes Equinovarus

A

clubfoot, adduction of forefoot, inversion of entire foot, and pointing downward of entire foot.

223
Q

Talipes Varus

A

Adduction of forefoot, and inversion of entire foot

224
Q

TDap (Diptheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis) immunization schedule

A

1st- 2 months 2nd- 4 months 3rd- 6 months 4th- 15-18 months 5th- 4 to 6 years

225
Q

Teeth begin to fall out around

A

age six

226
Q

Therapeutic Communication Techniques for Nurses

A

Clarifying Paraphrasing Reflecting Silence Structuring Pinpointing Questioning Directing Summarizing

227
Q

Therapeutic value

A

express emotion release unacceptable impulses, gain control, gain acceptance of their behavior and actions

228
Q

To medicate a preschooler

A

Offer choices

229
Q

To medicate a school age child

A

provide choices, explanations, distraction, and support

230
Q

To medicate a toddler

A

use play, minimize restraint, and give praise and stickers as rewards

231
Q

To medicate an adolescent

A

Explain, allow participation in decisions, praise cooperation, and provide outlet for frustrations.

232
Q

To medicate an infant

A

cuddle and comfort

233
Q

Toddler Nutritional Requirements

A

102 kcal/kg/day 11 grams/day Protein

234
Q

Toddler Play

A

Begins as imaginative and make-believe play; may imitate adult in play Provide blocks, wheel toys, push toys, puzzles, crayons to develop motor and coordination abilities Toddlers enjoy repetitive stories and short songs with rhythm

235
Q

Socialization

A

move from mother to children and problem solve. Give and take, sex roles and behavior moral values and ethics

236
Q

Tonic neck reflex

A

Turn infant head to one side, and arm and leg on side head is turned will extend and opposite extremities will flex. Appears at 2 months and disappears by 4-6 months.

237
Q

Trust vs. Mistrust

A

Birth to 1 year. Establish trust in people providing care. Mistrust develops if basic needs are inconsistently or inadequately met.

238
Q

Tympanic membrane should be

A

pearly gray to light pink, with landmarks visible

239
Q

Unoccupied behavior

A

day dreaming, fiddling with clothing, walk aimlessly, stepping away momentarily from other activity

240
Q

Use 10th and 90th percentiles to determine

A

which children are outside typical limits

241
Q

Use Faye Symbol Chart (pictures) for

A

Preschool age children

243
Q

Use Snellen Letter Chart for

A

School age children

244
Q

Use Snellen Symbol Chart (E Chart) for

A

Preschool age children

245
Q

Varicella immunization schedule

A

12 to 15 months 2nd- 4 to 6 years

246
Q

Verbal content makes up ______% of a message

A

7%

247
Q

Visual Acuity at 12 months

A

20/100

248
Q

Visual Acuity at 2 years

A

20/50 to 20/40

249
Q

Visual Acuity at 4-6 months

A

20/200

250
Q

Visual Acuity at 4-6 years

A

20/30 to 20/20

251
Q

Visual Acuity at 7 years

A

20/20

252
Q

Visual Acuity at birth

A

20/300

253
Q

WBC may be decreased in

A

Cancer, aplastic anemia, and viral infections

254
Q

WBC may be increased in

A

Acute infections, burns, leukemia, sickle cell anemia

255
Q

Weight Gain for toddler (1-3 years)

A

4 times birth rate by 2 1/2 years

256
Q

When giving DTap, Hib, and Hep B simultaneously…

A

Give most reactive vaccine (DTap) in one leg, and the others into the other leg

257
Q

When percussing lungs___________ is normal due to thinness of chest wall

A

hyperresonance

Parent Child 2 (1 decks)

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