Test 1: Optical and Non-Optical Devices

Question 1

first visit at MCO

Answer 1

review consulting letters and questionnaire - understand goals
perform exam to understand function - VA, VF, CS, know better eye or binocular, consider conventional spectacles, predict starting magnification
demonstrate devices and near goals
ocular health screening
loan useful devices

Question 2

second and subsequent visits

Answer 2

review how the loaned devices helped or why they weren’t successful
demonstrate more devices to help goals
device training of final devices recommended - record time spent face to face with patient
order devices
dispense devices

Question 3

prescribing rational

Answer 3

case history - tasks
VA - level of magnification 
VF - limitations 
CS - lighting needs
monocular - better eye
binocular - fusion possible 
refraction - conventional bifocal vs SV
optical devices

Question 4

optical device categories

Answer 4

microscopes
magnifiers 
telemicroscopes 
telescopes 
electro-optical

Question 5

optical characteristics of devices

Answer 5

magnification
FOV
working distance
mobility
each optical system has its own optical characteristics
advantages and limitations of each optical system must be appreciated relative to the functional properties
which devices or functional optical properties will help your patient

Question 6

microscope (chart)

Answer 6

mag 8-48D
FOV largest comparable
work distance shortest comparable
mobility generally precludes

Question 7

magnifier (chart)

Answer 7

mag 2.5x hand, >5x stand or pocket
FOV adjustable, personal comfort
work distance adjustable, personal comfort
mobility portable, acceptable

Question 8

telemicroscope (chart)

Answer 8

mag 2-8x
FOV smallest comparable
work distance longest comparable
mobility generally precludes

Question 9

telescope (chart)

Answer 9

mag 2-10x handheld, 2-6x bioptic, >10 binoculars
FOV small, hand largest, bioptic smallest
work distance not applicable, distance use
mobility full field precludes, bioptic ok

Question 10

electro-optical (chart)

Answer 10

mag 2-60x
FOV larger and faster processing
work distance more normalized
mobility precludes

Question 11

telescopes

Answer 11

hand-held
clip on
spectacle mounted - bioptic, full diameter, miniaturized 
binoculars 
CL designed 
intraocular lens designed 
intraocular telescope

Question 12

telescopes FOV

Answer 12

smaller field of view with greater mag
adequate FOV with powers 10x
less than 6 deg FOV not practical 
larger FOV with shorter vertex distance
keplerian have larger FOV than galilean 
compensate law of optics by making telescope physically larger

Question 13

handheld telescopes

Answer 13

hand occupied
mobility less restricted
powers up to 10x
variable vertex distance - with or without glasses, affects FOV

Question 14

bioptic telescope

Answer 14

hands free
smaller size reduces field
mobility less restricted
powers up to 6x - can go higher but not feasible
may include refractive error in telescope
most expensive

Question 15

full field telescope

Answer 15

mounted geometrical center of frame 
larger diameter - larger FOV
precludes mobility 
powers up to 8x
may include refractive error in telescope 
varied cost

Question 16

clip on telescopes

Answer 16

full field characteristics
removable 
affordable 
powers 2-4x
wear habitual glasses
longer vertex distance
increased weight 
instability

Question 17

binoculars

Answer 17

physically bigger 
larger FOV
better light gathering capability 
consider when power needed is greater than 10x
usually has at home

Question 18

telescopes

Answer 18

rule of thumb 
handheld 2-10x
full field 2-8x
bioptic 2-6x
binoculars 2-18x

Question 19

telescopes formula

Answer 19

to calculate mag needed - dist VA/desired task size at distance

Question 20

telemicroscopes

Answer 20

intermediate distances
handheld 
clip on 
binocular spectacle - geometrical center
monocular spectacle - geometrical center 
bioptic mounted 
bifocal position

Question 21

handheld tele microscope

Answer 21

appropriate for tests at intermediate distance 20-100 cm
focusable or fixed focus
very small field of view
if a reading cap is built into the scope - set working distance if nonfocusable, determined by internal lens, 4D cap = 25 cm fixed - focusable 25 cm and closer
hands not free
mobility not affected
difficult to master

Question 22

clip on telemicroscope

Answer 22

intermediate tasks
small field of view 
optics internal (not a cap)
focusable or fixed at near 
mounts in geometrical center - full field mounted, heavy poor centering
monocular 
mobility not a factor

Question 23

binocular tele microscopes

Answer 23

intermediate tasks
binocular spectacle - geometrical center usually, full field mounted, may mount as angled bifocal, can order monocular, may include refractive correction
internal optics or cap - 20-100 cm working distance, cap determines working distance - 2D to 6D
mobility a factor
hands free
small field of view
same as a surgical telescope

Question 24

bioptic mounted telemicroscope

Answer 24

telescope mounted above the frames geometrical center - bioptic position, may include correction
lens is a frame referred to as a carrier - corrects refractive error
hands free - move head to position scope
mobility possible
smallest field of view - small diameter
internal optics or a reading cap - cap converts telescope to intermediate or near use (telemicroscope)

Question 25

telescope with a reading cap

Answer 25

is a tele microscope determining magnification and working distance of a telescope with a reading cap - focal distance of the plus cap dictates the working distance 4D=25 cm total power of tele microscope is the power of the telescope times the magnification power of the cap 4x telescope with 6D cap 4x (6D/4D) = 6 x or 24D 6D cap gives 16.6 cm working distance 24D microscope gives working distance of 4.16cm

Question 26

microscopes

Answer 26

``` full field half eye executive bifocal round segment bifocals press on bifocals loupes uncorrected myopia high plus contact lens fresnel lens ```

Question 27

full field microscope

Answer 27

``` larger diameter largest field of view necessary close working distance 2-20 cm power 2x to 15x - 12.5 to 1.7 cm generally monocular may correct refractive error precludes mobility - swim effect ```

Question 28

half eye microscope

Answer 28

half a lens less field of view close working distance binocular - powers 4D to 16D, with base in prism - 4D has 6BI, 8 D has 10BI monocular - powers 2x to 12x may correct refractive error no distance correction limited mobility

Question 29

bifocal and clip-on microscopes

Answer 29

executive, round, press-on - smaller diameter, reduces field of view, close working distance, more mobility, powers 1x to 6x, distance correction clip-on - larger diameter and field of view, WD longer due to loupe holder, removable for mobility, powers 1x to 12x, affordable, peak/AGFA styles available

Question 30

microscope magnification factors

Answer 30

power of a microscope in X equals diopters divided by 4 - 25cm used as relative distance 20D lens provides 5x magnification formula for calculating magnification needed to read 1M (20/50) V=MxD = mag needed in D to read 1M

Question 31

magnifiers

Answer 31

``` handheld pocket stand illuminated or non-illuminated - handheld, stand, pocket dome/bar ```

Question 32

handheld magnifiers

Answer 32

``` hands aren't free find focal point (focused) difficult if tremor powers practical to 20D - >20D difficult to maintain focus variable working distance portable mobility not a factor affordable illuminated or non illuminated ```

Question 33

pocket magnifiers

Answer 33

``` very portable powers 5D to 56D use for short term tasks - spotting affordable mobility not a factor find focal point variable working distance difficult if tremor ```

Question 34

stand magnifiers

Answer 34

fixed focal point ease of use - even if tremor, arthritis, etc. diverging rays - requires 2.5D accommodation or bifocal to clear image powers 8-60D hands not free mobility not a factor use for longer reading tasks

Question 35

illuminated magnifiers

Answer 35

handheld, pocket, stand often preferred vs non-illuminated devices - improves reading, especially if reduced high contrast frequency incandescent, halogen, LED available (LED most popular)

Question 36

stand magnifiers magnification

Answer 36

D/4 +1 = power for european devices

Question 37

dome and bar magnifiers

Answer 37

``` fixed focal point not diverging rays affordable powers 2D to 6D hands not free type of stand magnifier ```

Question 38

electro-optical devices at MCO

Answer 38

``` primer/max magni-cam acrobat/transformer CCTVs merlin pebble ```

Question 39

primer and max with track

Answer 39

handheld mouse

Question 40

magnicam

Answer 40

better handheld mouse magnifier

Question 41

transformer/acrobat

Answer 41

kind of like a projector

Question 42

CCTVs

Answer 42

closed circuit TV | so expensive so a lot of patients want it used

Question 43

enhanced vision merlin

Answer 43

has OCR - text to audio

Question 44

VES autofocus telescope

Answer 44

Jordy was the first one but no longer made

Question 45

far view by optelec

Answer 45

distance and near both | freeze frame and then magnify capability

Question 46

computer magnification/accessible reading

Answer 46

``` zoomtext magic lowbrowse victor stream kindle/nook ipad/android tablets ```

Question 47

the iPad as a visual aid

Answer 47

``` app list handout use of iPad as a magnifier using apps pinch and drag function reverse contrast voice over and verbal texting applevis.com ```

Question 48

accessible technology

Answer 48

cellphones - jitterbug, apple iPhone, knfbReader mobile (nokia) takes photos then reads text

Question 49

non-optical devices

Answer 49

``` reading stands typoscopes tints bold writing pens lamps ```

Question 50

tints

Answer 50

glare reduction - grey (decreases contrast), amber (increases contrast), any other to lesser degree enhanced vision - yellow, red, orange, amber, red (color deficiencies achromatopsia), magenta (blue cone monochromatism), blue (rod or retinal dystrophies, RP) NOIR corning and chadwick

Question 51

lamps

Answer 51

incandescent fluorescent natural Ott light / Verilux

Question 52

non-optical rehabilitation products

Answer 52

``` clocks drop dispenser remote measuring cups watches all kinds of stuff ```