Test 1 Pharm Flashcards by Chloe Dillon

PCA Pump

4 medications used

Morphine sulfate
Fentanyl
Diluadid
Narcan

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PCA Pump

Medications side effects

Nausea
Itching
Drowsiness
Urinary retention 
Constipation
Hallucinations
Slow rate of breathing 
OVERSEDATION

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HCTZ

Increased BP

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Fish oil

Increased risk of bleeding

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Motrin

Increased risk of bleeding

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ETOH

Increased risk of bleeding, withdrawal symptoms during post op period

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Coumadin

Increased risk of bleeding

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Metaformin

Hypo or hyperglycemia

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Plavix

Increased risk of bleeding

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Insulin

Hypo or hyperglycemia

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Ginseng

Increased BP

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Prednisone

Decreased wound healing

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Benzodiazepine

What is it used for?

Used for amnesia and anxiety reduction

Commonly used for procedural sedation or adjunctive anesthesia

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Benzodiazepine

Examples

Versed/Midazolam
Valium/Diazepam
Ativan/Lorazepam

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Anticholinergic

What is it used for/side effects?

Inhibit secretions
Dilate pupils
Decrease GI motility 
May cause urinary retention 
Caution with glaucoma

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Antiemetic

Medications

Reglan/Metoclopramide
Zofran/ondansetron
Phenergan/Promethazine

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Antiemetic

Reglan/Metoclopramide Side effect

Extrapyramidal effects

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Antiemetic

Zofran/ondansetron Side effects

Dysrhythmia, hypotension, fainting

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Antiemetic

Phenergan/Promethazine Side effects

Burning at site, sedation, bradycardia, confusion

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H2 Receptor Antagonists

Medication

Pepcid/famotidine
Zantac/ranitidine
Tagamet/cimetidine

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Narcotics

What is it used for?

Decrease pain during pre- operative procedures
May reduce anesthesia required
Adjunctive to sedation or induction

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Narcotics

Medications

Fentanyl sulfate
Demerol/Meperidine
Morphine Sulfate
Dilaudid/ Hydromorphone

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General anesthesia

What is it used for?

Loss of sensation, consciousness, reflex

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Anesthesia - IV Induction agents

What is it used for?

Rapid and pleasant sleep

Short acting and facilitates intubation and inhalation agents

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Anesthesia - IV Induction agents | Medications - Barbiturates

Pentothal/Sodium Thiopental Brevital/Methohexital Sodium

Anesthesia - IV Induction agents | Medications - Hypnotics

Propofol and Amidate

Inhalation agents | Administration

Anesthesia equipment essentially mixes and vaporizes inhalation agents

Inhalation agents | Actions

Absorption-Excretion: alveoli | Bronchodilate, vasodilate, myocardial depressant, muscle relaxant

Neuromuscular blocking agents

Paralysis of diaphragm | MUST also give sedative

TIVA

``` Use Propofol (or other agent) IV infusion Start with an induction loading dose and switch to maintenance ```

Local anesthesia | What is it used for?

Loss of sensation without loss of consciousness

Local anesthesia | Medications

Lidocaine Novacaine Marcaine-longer acting (12 hrs) EMLA (topical agent)

Regional anesthesia | What is it used for?

Injected into and around nerve group that supplies sensation to an area of the body

Spinal and epidural anesthesia | What is it used for?

Loss of sensation to a region following nerve block without loss of consciousness

Spinal anesthesia

Injection of local anesthesia agent into CSF via subarachnoid space Numbs and paralyzes

Epidural anesthesia

Inject local anesthesia into extradural space | Numbs

IV Moderate sedation

Given with or without local Minimally depresses consciousness Patient responds to verbal stimulation and maintains airway and respirations and can respond to simple commands

Malignant hyperthermia antidote | How it works

Dantrium or Dantrolene | Drives calcium back into cells

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory | Drugs (NSAIDS)

``` Salicylates (aspirin) Indomethacin (Indocin) Ibuprofen (Motrin) Ketorolac (Toradol) Naproxen (Naprosyn) Piroxicam (Feldene) COX-2 inhibitors (Celebrex) ```

Aspirin

Inhibits platelet aggregation

Aspirin | Adverse effects

Nausea and vomiting GI bleeding Bleeding Thrombocytopenia

Anticoagulants | Vitamin K antagonists

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Anticoagulants | Thrombin inhibitors

Heparin | Enoxaparin (Lovenox)

Anticoagulants | Factor Xa inhibitors

Fondaparinux (Arixtra) Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) Apixaban (Eliquis)

Osteoporosis Drug Therapy | What does it do?

Inhibit bone resorption by osteoclasts

Osteoporosis Drug Therapy | Estrogen

No longer primary treatment due to risks

Osteoporosis Drug Therapy | Estrogen receptor modulators

Raloxifene (Evista) Calcitonin (Calcimar) Denosumab (Prolia)

Osteoporosis Drug Therapy | Raloxifene (Evista)

Mimics effects of estrogen with fewer side effects

Osteoporosis Drug Therapy | Calcitonin (Calcimar)

Usually given by nasal spray | Thyroid hormone

Osteoporosis Drug Therapy | Denosumab (Prolia)

Antibody that binds to protein involved in function of osteoclasts

Osteoporosis Drug Therapy | Bisphosphonates side effects

Significant GI effects Challenges with absorption Jaw osteonecrosis (rare)

Osteoporosis Drug Therapy | Bisphosphonates

Alendronate (Fosamax) Risedronate (Actonel) Ibandronate (Boniva) Zoledronic acid (Reclast)

Osteoporosis Drug Therapy | Alendronate (Fosamax)

Slows down function of osteoclasts and inhibits breakdown of bone

Osteoporosis Drug Therapy | Teriparatide (Forteo)

Stimulate new bone formation by osteoblasts | SQ injection, once daily

Rheumatoid Arthritis Drug Therapy Disease modifiying anti- rheumatic drugs How do they work?

Suppress inflammation and immune system Potential to lessen permanent effects (as opposed to NSAIDs, which only relieve pain) Birth defects

Rheumatoid Arthritis Drug Therapy (DMARDs)

Methotrexate (Rheumatrex) | Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)

Rheumatoid Arthritis Drug Therapy (DMARDs) | Methotrexate (Rheumatrex)

Usually first choice | Bone marrow suppression - CBC

Rheumatoid Arthritis Drug Therapy (DMARDs)

May be used in mild disease | Retinol degreneration

Rheumatoid Arthritis Drug Therapy (DMARDs) | Biologic Therapy

If no response to DMARDs or part of combination therapy

Rheumatoid Arthritis Drug Therapy (DMARDs) | Biologic Therapy Medications

Etanercept (Enbrel) Infliximab (Remicade) Adalimumab (Humira) Anakinra (Kineret)

Gout Management | Prevention of future attacks

Allopurinol (Zyloprim)

Gout Management | Allopurinol (Zyloprim)

``` Reduces uric acid levels Weight reduction, as needed Avoid alcohol and foods high in purines (red and organ meats) Prevent kidney stones Adequate urine output ```

Gout Management | Acute attacks

Colchicine (Colcrys) | NSAID for pain relief

Gout Management | Colchicine (Colcrys)

Antiinflammatory | No analgesic properties

Test 1 Pharm Flashcards

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